Martin Lister Esq., the son of a Knight, was awarded a Doctorate in Medicine for which he had not himself supplicated but which was spontaneously conferred on him by the University of Oxford; he had no foreknowledge of this, but amply deserved it. He was famous for his deeds and his writings; and in order to further the study of Natural History, he enriched this museum collection with shells of all kinds, from the sea, from the rivers and from the land; also freshwater mussels; formed stones and fluors, and various types of gypsum, mica, talc and metals of all kinds, most of which come from England. Furthermore, to preserve the past for posterity, he generously gave the Museum a large number of antiquities, Roman as well as British, which included altars, medals, rings and seals.

All Purples have a Canale or Gutter'd Horn long or short, in which is lodged that part which is called the (b) Fab. Column. Purpura. Tongue; but performs the same Office as the Gills in other Fishes. (b) The Animal creeps and directs its own way with its Horns, like a Snail: yet hath it not four, but two only. (c)(c) Mart. Lyster de Cochl.

The WILK-SNAIL winding, from the Mouth, towards the right Hand; whereas almost all other shells wind the contrary way. The Mouth is white as Milk, and almost Oval. The left Lip spread and turned outward. The Rounds are Convex, as in the Wilk. In number six, speckled with yellow Bay and blew spots. The shell is as thin as that of common Land-Snails. Of kin to that shell described by Mr. Lyster under Tit. 1. lib. de Cochl. Mar.

The SMALL WHIRL-SNAIL, with numerous rounds, and also winding from the Mouth toward the right Hand. There are about fifty of them in a Bottle. They are of a brown colour; and thin as the shell of the common Snail. Their Mouth almost round. The right Lip hath a little Angle. It hath nine rounds with very small transvers Striæ. Columna describes and figures one like this with the Title of Turbo Terrestris non descriptus. Mr. Lyster (b) (b) Lib. de Cochl. calls it Buccinum pullum; and very aptly compares it, both as to shape and bigness, to an Oat. He saith it is found in England in the Cracks of old Trees, and in Garden-walls.

The SMOOTH SPIRE, with high or swelling rounds. Here are two sorts of these; one with oblique, the other with spiral small Furrows. This shell is described by Mr. Lyster. (c)(c) Lib. de Cochl. Mar.

Not only this, but other turbinated shells have their lid. Which, as Mr. Lyster well observes, is as it were another Valve.

The FLAT-WHIRLE. This Snail is a perfect Helix, all the shell lying as it were between two levels. Of this kind Mr. Lyster (b) (b) Lib. de Cochleis. Tit. 26. describeth three sorts. Of which he observes, That upon the sprinkling a little Salt or Pepper, or the like, into their Mouths, they yield a Crimson liquor.

The ROUND BUTTON-FISH, with the least sort of Prickles, and disposed into ten Orders. Of this sort here are White, Brown, and Green. These, Mr. Lyster saith, are found in the English-Seas.

The Animal it self is headed and horned like a Snail. See Bellonius's Description. Our Fishermen use the ordinary kinds to bait with, who find them every where in our Seas (a) Lystri lib. de Cochl. on the Rocks near the shore. (a) If they feel themselves touched, they stick so very fast to the Rock, that they can hardly be loosened thence without a Knife. (b) Wormius. (b)

The TOOTHED BROAD-MUSCLE. Described and figur'd by Mr. Lyster, (e) (e) Lib. de Conch. Tit. 35. with the Name of Tellina intus ex Viola purpurascens, &c. 'Tis a little shell not much above an inch broad, the edge indented round about with curious small Teeth; and having within-side a faint purple blush.

The HAIR-WORME. Vermis Setarius. Given by Mr. Malling. 'Tis little thicker than a Horse-Hair or a Hogs Bristle; Of a light Flesh-colour; and about ¾ of a foot in length. 'Tis commonly believed, but erroniously, that this sort of Insect is nothing but a Horse-Hair animated. By some, that they are bred out of Locusts. See Aldrovandus hereof. But especially the Observations of Mr. Lyster in the Phil. Trans. (a) (a) N. 83. who found them in the Belly of a kind of black and not uncommon Beetle; in some one only, in others two or three together: of all which he hath several Remarques.

English KERMES BERRYS. Observed, and sent by Martin Lyster Esq;. Together with several Remarques, relating both to the Foreign kind, and to This. (c) (c) Phil. Trans. N. 71. p. 2165. N. 72. p. 2177. N. 73. p. 2196. compared with N. 87. p. 5059. This, he found upon the Plum, Vine, and several other Trees, especially the Cherry. The Husk of a Chesnut colour, containing four or five Maggots of the Bee-kind, producing a Bee less than an Ant; together with a Pulp or Heap of Mites, (as the other Kermes) on which the Maggots feed. The empty Husk, rub'd upon a white Paper, tinged it with a beautiful Purple or Murrey.

The STELENTROCHITE. By some, called STELECHITES: Entrochites, by most. But, in proper speaking, distinct from both. For it is not only of a Cylindrical Figure, or near it, and containeth a softer substance in the Centre, answerable to a Pith: and also radiated as the Branch of any Tree cut transversly. But moreover con (b) De Lapid. Figur.sisteth of several flat round Joynts like little Wheels, evenly pil'd, and, with the said Rays, mutually indented, so as altogether to make a Cylinder. Described also by Gesner, (c) De Lap. & Gem. (b) Boetius, (c) Ambrosinus, (d) and others. But we have two Accounts hereof given us in the (d) Aldrov. Mus. Metall. Philosophical Transactions, far more accurate and particular, than is elsewhere extant. The former, by Mr. Lyster; (e) (e) Num. 100. with between thirty and forty Figures of their Varieties, with some other Congenerous Stones. The latter, by Mr. John Beaumont (f) (f) Num. 129. Junior; who hath added the Description of some more Diversities. And the manner of their growth. In this Musæum are several Species, which I shall here enumerate.

The TROCHITES. 'Tis nothing else but one of the above described Joynts single; on both sides radiated, and also containing a Pith. So that it looks like a slice of a stick. These, saith Mr. Lyster, being usually hollow, or easily so made, and stringed, are therefore by some called St. CUTHBERDS BEADS.

The STARRED-STONE. Astroites. So called, for that being tabulated, or polish'd to a plain, it appears adorned with little Stars, about ¼ or ⅛ th of an inch in Diametre. Boetius conjectures Pliny to reckon this Stone for a sort of Agate. Whether that be so or no, himself is greatly mistaken (b) (b) Lib. 2. c. 145. in affirming as much: this being a very soft Stone. The same Author takes notice, as of a strange thing, That this Stone being put into Vinegar (c) (c) C. 147. will move up and down in it. Whereas it proceeds (as Mr. Lyster also observes of the Asteria, which he calls the Astroites) (d) Phil. Trans. only from the Ebullition following upon the immersion: and happens to any other Stone dissoluble with Acids, if immersed in small pieces.

Dec. 3, Mr. Arthur Bayly, one of the Fellows of the R. Society, presented them with a piece of this Linnen in the name of Mr. Waite. At the same time, the same Mr. Bayly presented Dr. Plot with another piece of it, which being brought to Oxford the Experiment was again repeated on it (Dec. 16.) it being put into a strong Charcoal fire in the Natural History School, in a full meeting of the Philosophical Society of that University; where after it had continued red hot for some considerable time, it was taken forth again little altered when cold, saving that it seemed a little whiter and cleaner than before it was put in; as appears upon the Journal of that Society. Concerning which, Dr. Plot, being desired to offer his thoughts, drew up the following Discours, which was read before the said Society, June the 23d An. 1685.

SIXSix Months ago I sent to Dr. Lister a large Account of the Texture and Figure of an old Roman Shield of the Parma Kind, that I had then newly procured; I have since got another Curiosity relating to their Plasticks, 'tis part of the Bottom (which consisted of several such Pieces for the Conveniency of Baking) of an old Roman Coffin, that was lately dug up in their Burying-Place out of Boutham-Bar at York, (whence I had the Bricks and Urns mentioned in the last November Transactions) 'tis of the Red Clay but not so fine as the Urns, having a greater Quantity of course Sand wrought in with the Clay; as to the Form (which is entire as it was at first moulded) 'tis Fourteen Inches and an half long, and (311) about Eleven broad at the narrower End, and nigh Twelve and an half at the broader; this was the lowest part, for the Feet and the rest were proportionably broader till it came to the Shoulders; 'tis an Inch thick besides the Ledges, which are One broad and Two thick, and extend from the bottom of either side to within Three Inches of the top, where 'tis wholly flat, and somewhat thinner for the next to lye upon it, which several Parts were thus joyn'd together by some Pin, I presume, for at the end of each Tile is a Hole that wou'd receive a common Slate-Pin, these Edges are wrought a little hollow, to receive the Sides, I suppose, and at the Feet are Two contrary Notches to fasten the End-piece, this Bottom I should conclude to have consisted strictly of Eight such Parts, from a like Character 8 imprest upon the Clay by the Sandapilarius's Finger before its Baking, but that I somewhat doubt whether Numeral Figures be of that Antiquity in these European Parts, tho' I see no reason to conclude that because the Romans used the Numeral Letters upon their more durable Monuments, that they were utterly Strangers to these Figures, which (notwithstanding the common Opinion of their Novelty here) the learned Dr. Wallis thinks as old at least, as the Times of Hermannus Contractus, An. Dom 1050. and produces an unexceptionable Testimony of their Use here in England An. 1133. Philosoph. Transact. Numb. 154.) I got also some Scars of broken Urns, dug up in Mr. Giles's Garden, which are of the finest blew Clay I have seen, with which was found a Roman Shuttle, about Three Inches and an half long, but not one broad in the very middle, the hollow for the Licium being but one fourth of an Inch in the broadest Place, shews that it was either for Silk or very fine Linnen, perhaps their Asbestinum or Incombustible Winding-Sheets. I have also lately procur'd a Roman Pottle from (312) Aldbrough, which is of the Red Clay, but much courser than the York Urns: I was well pleased to find it whole, that I might observe the difference betwixt their Congius (of which I take this to be strictly the half) and our Gallon, and this comes the nighest Mr. Graves's Computation, containing Three Pints and an half the Winchester Measure.

Of the English Marine Shells, mentioned by Dr. Lister (a)Cochlearum Angliæ, p. 154., here are all the several Sorts of the Wilks, viz. 1st. the largest; it is five Inches long, the Shell white, thick, and very heavy; his 2d Sort with deep Furrows, and striated, one larger than his, (viz. six Inches in Circumference) and one less; but these being old are white within, not Purple, as when new gathered: These are from Scarborough. A small one from the Dublin Shore, not half an Inch in Length. His 3d Sort are a much thinner Shell, yellowish, and without the waved Furrows. The 4th hath the Turban prolonged into eight Rounds; it is white and finely striated, about two Inches long, and as much in Circumference; others of fewer Circumvolutions. His 5th is the thickest Shell of all, considering the Size, which is but an Inch and half in Length. A Greenish Shell that answers his last.

Dr. Lister, among the English Marines, gives us two of the Trochi, figura conoides (d)(d) Cochl. Ang. pag. 166. . Here are both the Sorts, white with red Spots, the larger is little more than half an Inch in Length, yet two Inches round. These of half Inch broad are the largest that are found in our Seas; Another but Mr. Molineux obliged me with a very curious one that is better than four Inches in the Basis, and as much in Height, in a Piramidal Form: It is of a Pearl Colour, only the broadest of the six Rounds is undulated with Crimson: These differ from all the Rest of the turbinated Shells, in that the Circumvolutions are neither Convex or Concave, but even and smooth. Another Shell of the former Sort, with Convex Whirls waved with Pearl Colour and Black.

Of the Land and River Shells, mentioned by Dr. Lister, here are the Citrine Snail-Shells, and sad coloured singly, the White with dark Stripes, broad and narrow, Yellowish and Olive-coloured. Also of the compress'd Kind, with the Navel-like hollow, and Variety of Colours Crimson, Green and Dark, curiously waved, frequently intermix'd with Pearl Colour, generally half Inch broad, as he writes, but one a compleat Inch. The River Shells are thicker, and as to Colour, here are of the dark Ash, brown, yellow, red, white and strip'd. The Neritæ also, whose Turbans are mightily depressed, almost flat, and of the turbinated Shells; some very small, not a Quarter of an Inch long, and of different Colours, white, faint red, deep, and light yellow, and Ash coloured.

HEREHere are all the Sorts mentioned by Dr. Lister (g)(g) De. Cochl. Marinis, Tab. 5. . viz. the large one with 14 Ridges and as many Furrows, with the Striæ in straight Lines from the Head to the Margin, enclining to a Red, four Inches in Length and 4 ½ in Breadth; another five broad; a third less, but of a different Colour, yellowish. His 2d Sort is curiously striated with twenty Ridges; it is red, spotted with white: This strictly corresponds with his in Length, almost two Inches, larger than which he had not seen one. But here is a very fine one with a Purple Blush within, that exceeds it in a 5th Part: And a third that is less than either, yet a like Number of Furrows. The Doctor's third Sort is easily distinguish'd from all others by its Narrowness being but one Inch broad and almost two in Length. A Scallope from the Irish Shore, the largest I have seen, being above half a Foot in breadth, and near two Foot in Circumference. Don. Rev. Jos. Wilkinson Dubl. Twenty of the small Scalopes, some striated, others smooth, with Variety of Colours, single strip'd, and spotted, about half Inch broad. Dr. Grew mentions the Coralline Scallop without Ears. Here is one that answers his Description, save the Colour, which is Orange. But the most remarkable of all is an Ash-coloured one, from the Top of the Apalatæan Mountains, that part Virginia on the West, from the Rest of the American Continent; upon which Mountains great Numbers of them, and other Shells, are found, which is an undeniable Argument of an universal Deluge. Don. Roger Gale Arm.

Of Cockles, here are the white, brown, and blew, or deep Ash-coloured, differently striated. The large Cockle with Prickles, or Pectunculus echinatus, from Tees and Scarborough after Storms, and from the Irish Shore; it is above two Inches broad, (three by the Convexity) hath 20 deep Furrows, and upon the intermediate Ridges certain sharp Prickles, ten upon a Ridge: This is well delineated by Dr. Lister (h)(h) Idem N° 35. . Another of them 6 ½ Inches in Circumference, the Striæ in these are from the Head to the Margin. One of the common Size without Prickles, and hath also transverse Striæ towards the Margin. Another with eighteen of these Circular Lines from Side to Side, and those so deeply furrowed that they almost obscure those from the Head to the Margin; one Side of these is much shorter than the other. The small white Cockle hath the Shell equally extended on both Sides: Of this Sort here is an entire Cockle, only a Quarter of an Inch long, yet hath 26 Ridges.

As to the Muscle Kind, the common Sort are 2 ½ Inches broad, and little above one in Length (i)(i) Idem, p. 182. ; but here is one that is full two Inches long, and four in Breadth: In other Things it agrees with the Vulgar being on the out-side, Ex cæruleo niger, and within albescit ex cærulea: It was sent me from Ireland. A Muscle Shell from Bermuda's; it is of the usual Size, but different Colours, viz. reddish and yellow. The ponderous thick shell'd Mussel from the rapid River Tees near five Inches broad; the thin and light ones from Ponds and Still-Waters: The largest that so curious and inquisitive a Person as Dr. Lister had met with, was two Inches and 3 ½ (k)(k) Idem, de Cochl. Fluviat. p. 146. . But one here is 3 ½ one Way, and half a Foot the other; it is Yellowish and Green without, and a shining Bright within. Another somewhat less, but beautiful, strip'd with green, yellow and dark Colour.

The Sheath-Shell, as it is commonly called, because of its Form; it is improperly called a Long Shell, because, saith a noted Author, the Length of a Shell is properly from the Navel to the Edge directly opposite (l)(l) Dr. Grew's Mus. Reg. Soc. p. 143. , and the Breadth between the two Sides thence produced, so that this Shell is but one Inch in Length, and seven in Breadth. Most of these are white, but where the Cuticula remains it is greenish, and curiously variegated with white and dark Colours, as in Dr. L's Figure of it (m)(m) Dr. Lister de Cochl. Marinis, Tab. 5. 37. .

The Bivalve of the Tellina Kind, differ from all the Sorts of the Pectunculus, in that they are of a Rhomboide Form, longer from Side to Side, than from the Head to the opposite Margin. One here strictly answers the Colour of Dr. Lister's (n)(n) Idem, p. 190. , Ex viola purpurascens; three other very beautiful transparent Shells, but larger (near three Inches), one clear white, the other two variegated with Crimson. Small ones of this smooth transparent Kind, little more than half an Inch broad. Others a little rounder, and of various Colours, White, Blew, Purple, and with brown Stripes. The laminated Tellina is of a more solid, thicker Substance, liker the common Cockle, but consists of three or four of those Lamina which gradually encrease in Breadth, from the Head to the Margin. Of these I gathered great Variety in Holland, 35 Years ago, which do yet retain the Beauty of their different Colours, some regularly shaded with lighter and deeper Tinctures at the Edge of each Lamella. Here are of them from half an Inch to above an Inch and half in Breadth.

I shall conclude these with the last of Dr. Lister's Bivalves (o)(o) Idem, Tab. 5. 39. , which is a thin white Shell striated both Ways, and sometimes, tho' rarely, found at the Mouth of the River Tees.

Lapis Astroitidis, commonly called the Brainstones; they are frequently found in the Seas about Jamaica, as big as a Man's Head; this is half a Yard in Circumference one Way, and two Foot the other: It is curiously undulated; the Ridges in this are very high, and the transverse Striæ very fine, the winding of the Waves imitate the Gyri or Aufractus of a Man's Brain, whence the Name. A small one very fine, given by Dr. Lister to my Father, not unlike Point-work wrought by the Needle. A larger sent me by Mr. Char. Towneley of T. with the Top rising high and round; the Furrows in this are small. Another I bought at London, which is very curious, and being two Inches thick on one Side; the thin Plates, which compose the small Cells, and the Formation of the Stone is better discerned. A white Corall sent me from Ireland, with flat Lamina; it resembles the Astropodium ramulosum of Lh. Tab. 14. 1132. c. A Mushroom Corall somewhat compress'd, striated above, the inner Part below; it is of a like fine Texture, with the small Striæ of the Brain-stone. A fungus Lapideus in Form of an Hemisphere, a larger Starry Fungites, both sent me, with other valuable Fossils, from Roger Gale Esq; Astroites or starred Stone, a thin one with less perfect Stars, shewing their Original when beginning to grow or sprout up at the Bottom of the Sea (c)(c) Dr. Sloane's Nat. Hist. of Jam. Tab. XXI. Fig. I.. A large porous Convex Astroites, a Foot in Circumference, wholly composed of radiated Stars, like Fig. 4. in the same Table. Some of these Sorts of Coralls are frequently found in Europe, and particularly in England. I have one Sort from North Leach in Gloc. with very fair Stars, though it seems by the Lightness to be petrified Wood. A solid Corall, with concave Stars, very fair. Another, like Mr. Lhwyd's Astroites pyxidatus seu faviginosus from Oxfordshire. A slender Branch of white Corall from Ireland. A Mycetites surrounded with Astroites. (d) Grew's Mus. Reg. Soc. p. 305.Lapis Cribriformis or Sieve-stone (d), a perforated brown Stone. (e) Nat. Hist. Oxon. p. 139. A Porpites Plotii (e), & Lhuidii (f) from the Bishop of Carlisle. (f) Lith. Brit. N° 142. Another Button-stone more compress'd, but very fair; from Mr. Gale, Specimen minus & elegantius, Tab. 3. 151.

Gryphites from little more than one to four Inches, both of the blew, and white Stone, oblong, very thick, and wrinkled. Here are also of a darker brown, and deeper blew, or ash-colour: Besides the Places mentioned by Dr. Lister (p. 239.) they are found at Scarborough in Yorkshire, where they are called Miller's Thumbs. Of this Conca Rugosa, here are some of those found near Worcester, and Oxford; others from Sherburn Com. Gloc. Whitton and Horbling Com. Linc. and from Scarborough and Hull Com. Ebor. One of those sent me by the Bishop of Carlisle, being worn smooth on the convex Side, reminds me of what the Learned Dr. Woodward infers (m)(m) Dr. Woodward's Nat. Hist. of the Earth, pag. 254., That the Antedelu vian Sea, ebbed and flowed before the Deluge, and by the Access and Recess reduced the Gibbose to a flat, &c. In this Musæum are other Proofs of the Truth of that Inference. From that excellent Author I received also a Piece of the Shell of the Pinna Marina, which he had from the Chalk-Pits in Kent; and another from Crick Com. Northampt. I have also of it from the River Tees.

The Right Reverend Prelate before mentioned, hath obliged me with almost all the Varieties of the Entrochi, that are described by Dr. Lister and Mr. Beaumont in the Phil. Trans. N° 100 and 150, from the Trochitæ, or single Joints, to the Number of 38 or 40, in an Entrochus of near 2 ½ Inches in Length; and as to Thickness from little more than a Pin, to near three Inches. As to the Form, here are perfectly round, exactly Oval, and the Compress'd of different Degrees. Some more gently, others so crush'd (even to the 16th Part of an Inch) that the Cracks are visible. The Joints or Vertebræ of some are strangely dislocated, and in Part slip'd off, as it were, yet adhering to the other Part. Some of the Joints are thick; others so extreamly thin, that they are scarce the 24th Part of an Inch, for I have one of ¾ of an Inch in Length that hath 19. Some again are but seemingly joynted, others, and those the greatest Part are really so, and the Sutures indented. Some even of the longer Stones are without Notches; others thick set with such Marks, whence the Branches of these Rock Plants have issued; but of these out-Branches there seldom remain above two or three Joints. Besides, those that are exactly Cylindrical (equally thick at both Ends), here are some of the Branches tapering at the smaller End. Upon the Surface of many are drawn very fine and small Rays from a Point in the Center to the Circumference. The Pith in the middle of some of them is round, of others, oval; and of the Form of a Cinque-foil in the midst of the Rays in others, and some have six Inlets. To those which are Concave, a protuberant Point in the Center of others doth cor respond. In some the Pith is quite gone; these being put upon Strings are called St. Cuthbert's Beads in the Holy Island, whence Dr. Cay procured me some: He afterwards sent me one, the Medulla whereof is the Pyrites. Some are almost smooth, others have a raised Edge in the Middle of the Joints; others have a sharp Ridge betwixt two smooth round Joints, and so alternately; and some (though rare to be met with) have a Circle of Knots, or small Protuberances in the midst of each Joint: Here is also a red Entrochus with a white Pith, growing upon a Rock of a reddish Colour.

HEREHere are most of those observed by the learned and accurate Dr. Lister, in this his Native Country, together with others from Westmoreland, Glocester, (Lassington-stones), and Northamptonshires. Mr. Moreton's third Sort called Peter-stones. Here are of the Litorales, as well as Arvenses, but the most of them from the Foot of the Yorkshire Woulds. The largest of them is scarce an Inch and half long, wherein are 17 Joints; but here are others with so very thin Joints that there are 16 of them in ¾ of an Inch. Some are very small, yet of five Rays, others an Inch and half in Circumference. The single Joints have sometimes the fairest Figures of the Stars, consisting of five Angles; the middle of each of which is a little hollowed, and the Edges more prominent and thick furrowed, by which the several Joints are knit together, the Ridges and Furrows being alternately let into one another; in the Center of the five Angles is a Hollow or Point. Of these, piled one upon another, are made pentagonous cylindrical Columns. Dr. Plot says, to the Number of 15, in which Number yet he wants 7, that is, he found none of 5 Joints, nor of 7, 9, 11, 12, 13 or 14 (e)(e) Plot's Oxon, p. 86.. But I have a distinct Column of every Number, from the single Joint to 18; and in them most of the Sorts so accurately described by Dr. Lister (f)(f) Phil. Trans. N° 112., except with the Wires adhering; but here are of the Wires, though broken off, both in single Joints, and longer Pieces, which are very small, slender, and of a round Figure, being set together not by indented Suture, but per harmoniam (g)(g) Idem, p. 277., like the Antennæ of Lobsters. Others smooth from the Shore of Hull. Most, if not all of these Columns, are visibly bent and inclining. The Angles of some of them are more obtuse, of others more acute, and consequently deeper chanell'd, than where the Angles are blunt and round. Here is also a third Sort that is very rare, which have five flat Sides without any Indentings in the Form of a Star. Some of both Sorts have a small Pin-hole in the middle of each Joint, betwixt Angle and Angle. Others the more rarely have a Knot, or Joint of Wires remaining at some of the Holes. Some again have each other Joint more protuberant, or standing further out than the intermediate ones. The Asteriæ are of different Colours acording to the Matter they are found lodged in, as white, brown, blewish and ash-coloured. A ferruginous Body that seems to be Lh's. Siphunculus cylindracius ferruginosus, N° 1212, from Welsale in Staffordshire. A much less from the Shore of Hull.

The Belemnitæ are the last Classis in Mr. Lhwyd's Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia: Here are of different Sizes and Colours, from little more than ½ Inch to to to 4 ½ in Length. Dr. Plot's of that Dimension was but 1 ¼ round, but this is 2 ½; yet but a Fragment (nor was that of Dr. Lister's any other) (k)(k) De Lapid. pag. 226. of the Yorkeshire Belemnites maximus niger. An entire one of the same Dimensions from the Hedington Quary Com. Oxon; it is hollow for 1 ½ Inch at the Base; it enclines to a Yellow, and when vehemently rubb'd takes up a Straw like Amber, which the black one will not do, though as large. Don. D. Rog. Gale Arm. A lesser from Cricklade Hill Com. Gloc. radiated like a Star from a closer Center. Another from Croydon Chalk-Pits in Surrey. Don. D. Jo Woodward M. D. One that in three Inches Length is not much thicker than a Goose Quill; and another that in less than one Inch in Length is very near two in Circumference. The Medulla in one of the hollowed Belemnites consists of a white Sort of Selenites or Spar. The Generality of these Thunderbolts, as the Vulgar call them, are of a Conical Figure, from a thick Basis tapering to a Point: But amongst some sent me by my Lord Bishop of Carlisle, there is one Cylindrical, or equally thick from End to End; and another that is thickest in the Middle, and gradually slenderer to both Ends: The former of these hath the Rima or Chink, the whole Length, which the second hath only at the Basis; and another at the small Point, but the Generality want it. As to Colour, here are the black, whitish, ash-coloured, reddish, brown and Amber-coloured.

Dr. Grew, amongst the Regular Stones in the Musæum of the Royal Society, reckons also the Lapis Amianthus, and the Hæmatites. Of the former of these, called also Asbestinus, and the Thrumstone was made the incombustible Cloth; it consists of glossy, parallel, fine Threads. It was anciently spun and woven into Sheets, wherein the Bodies of the Emperors were wrapped, to keep the Ashes entire from those of the Funeral Pile. The Art is of late revived, and a Specimen of the Cloth presented to the Royal Society, who made the Experiment; and instead of being consumed in the Fire, it came out entire and more refined. There is lately found of this Stone both in Scotland and Wales, of which an incombustible Paper was made at Oxford (a)(a) Phil. Trans. N° 172.. Don. Hans Sloane M D. The Hæmatites or Blood-stone: Dr. Lister affirms the English to be as good, if not better, than that brought from the East-Indies. Another which seems to be the Hæmatites, that admits a good Polish.

Iron Ore that I brought from Egremont in Cumberland, from whence it is transmitted to Ireland, where it is smelted. A Piece of an Iron Bolt found in a Stone Quarry, and now returned to Iron-Ore again; this being a Property that Iron hath, and no other Metal, as Dr. Lister observes in his Journey to Paris. Don. Ja. Cay M. D. A Ferruginous Body from beside Worcester; and another from a Clay-Pit at Richmond in Surrey. Don Jo. Woodward M D.

The Pyrites from Camel-Cross (five Miles from Kighley Com Ebor) upon the highest Hill betwixt the East and West-Seas, as is evident from the Springs running thence into both of them. This is called Mundick by some, but is really Pyrites, in the Opinion of that great Naturalist, Dr. Lister: But these Names are frequently confounded, as he truly observes, Qui vero Pyritæ in stanni fodinis habentur, a nostris metallariis MUNDIC & MAXY appellantur (a)(a) De Fontibus Medicatis Angliæ, p. 28.. A Pyrites from the Fields near Leicester. Another found near Dudley-Castle Com. Staff. Part of another, from the Shores of Scarborough; and another, with brassy shining Particles, from Whitby Shore; and a remarkable one from Weymouth: All five from Dr. Woodward's noble Store. A round Pyrites full of little Knobs of an Iron Colour. A Cylindrick one from the Isle of Wight. Don. D. Jud. Dickenson Lond. A beautiful Composition of sparkling Pyritæ of Marchasite. A white Spar and Ash-coloured Chirt in Lares. Don. D. Rog. Gale Arm.

Amulets. Glain Neidir or Adder-Beads; here are two from Wales, sent me by Mr. Lhwyd, of which see his accurate Description of that Principality in the Britannia, pag. 683, and the Figure of them, pag. 697. One is of blew Glass with white Snakes upon it. The other curiously undulated with blew, white, and red. These he takes to have been used by the Druids themselves, and so handed down from Parents to Children every since. It is most certain that the Ignorant and Credulous are so fond of them, that they will not part with them for Love or Money; and not only the Vulgar, but Persons of good Education are fully persuaded, that the Snakes make them; that they are Preservatives from all Dangers, and that whoever finds one will prosper in all his Undertakings. The said Author gives also the Figure of one of Earth enamel'd, with blew, and furrowed on the Out-side, of which Sort I have one that was found in the Roman Burying-Place at Yorke, and the Fragments of a smooth one that hath been larger. One of Jeat, and another of Amber, that being found singly in ancient Ruins, and another of a Sort of Agate, or reddish Stone polished, seem to have been applied to the like Uses. Of the Jeat Rings there is another Sort much larger, viz. two Inches, or 2 ½ Diameter, which being too large for Rings, and too small for Armillæ or Bracelets, have probably been used also as Amulets. A thin one with Notches on the outer Edge, was sent me by my Lord Bishop of Carlisle, and a thicker waved, was given my Father by Dr. Lister; and both, if I mistake not, found with Roman Antiquities. A round flat Stone perforated in the Center doth exactly fit one of these Rings; it was found amongst the Roman Monuments at Adle before-mentioned, pag. 162. A Brass Head like that found in Denbighshire, and is engraved, as an Amulet, Cam. Brit. Pag 697. save that this hath an Helmet.

Gratitude to my Benefactors obligeth me to acknowledge to whose Kindess I am obliged for some of the most valuable of the said Originals, viz. to the most Rev. his Grace the late Lord Archbishop of Yorke, the Right Reverend Bishops of Sarum, Carlisle, and Man; the Rev. Mr. Atkinson, Banks, Boyse, Calamy, Chorley, Clarke, Coningham, Cooke, Cressey; Daubuz, Deering, Drake, Dwyer; Fall; Gale (Dean of Yorke, to whom, and to Dr. Hudson the greatest Number of the Learned Foreigners are directed) Gibson; Hardy, Hickes, Hill, Hough, Hudson, Humfrey; Milner; Nalson, Noble; Pearson, Plaxton, Priestley; Smith, Stretton, Strype (for some very valuable temp. Reg. Eliz.) Talbot, Tallents; Wasse, and Wilkinson. And of the Laity, Mr. Bayns, Blythman, Brenand, Sir Walter Calverley, John Chamberlayn Esq; Mr. Churchill; Rob. Dale, Jo. Dyneley, and John Evelyn Esquires, the Executors of the Lord Evers; Tho. Lord Fairfax, Barwick, Tho. Robert, and Bryan Fairfax Esqrs; Roger Gale, and Will. Gilpin Esqrs; Sir Andr. Fountaine; Jo. Hare, and Rob. Hitch Esqrs; Mr. Holmes, and Houghton; Tho. Kirk Esq; Dr. Lister, Mr. Lhwyd, Sir Will. Lowther, Sir John Middleton, Robert Molesworth Esq; Robert Nelson Esq; Peter le Neve Esq; Norroy; Hen. Newman Esq; the Right Honourable Sir Tho. Parker, Lord Chief-Justice; Will. Petyt Esq; Mr. Petiver, Dr. Richardson, Tho. Rymer Esq; Dr. Sampson, Theo. Shelton Esq; Sir Phil. Sydenham, Robert Stephens Esq; the Hon. Mr. Wentworth; Sir Geo. Wheeler, and Dr. Woodward.