The Digital Ark: Early Modern Collections of Curiosities in England and Scotland, 1580-1700
Galen (130 - c.200)
Other biography: http://www.iep.utm.edu/galen/ Authority - ancientRelevant locations: Birth place in Pergamon, Asia Minor
Linked print sources: as Mentions or references - Ducatus Leodiensis; or the topography of the town and parish of Leedes and parts adjacent ...
References in Documents:
18.
Arundo Saccharina. In
called b) b)
c. 1
planted from the Reed about
seven or eight feet high,
with many Joynts, one at about
every ½ foot, and a
large close Pith; out of which, the
greatest part of the Juyce, whereof the Sugar is made, is c)
c. 1
expressed. See the Description hereof at large in c)
and d)
d) Hist. of
Barb
&c
ing and pressing the same; and of ordering
the expressed
Juyce, for the making of several sorts of Sugar, and
Brandy: as also the Engines, and contrivance
of Vessels for
the same purposes.
The principal knack, without which all their labour
were in
vain, is in making the Juyce, when sufficiently
boil'd, to kerne or granulate.
Which is done, by adding
to it, a small proportion of Lye made with (vegetable)
Ashes: without which, it would never come to
any thing
by boiling, but a Syrup, or an Extract. But a little
of
that Fixed Salt, serves, it seems,
to Shackle or Crystallize
(which is a degree of Fixation) a very
great quantity of
the Essential Salt of
this Plant.
In refining the Sugar, the first degree of pureness, is
effected only by permitting the Molosses to
drain away
through a hole at the bottom of the Sugar-Pots; the Pots
being, all the time, open at the top. The second degree
is procur'd, by covering the Pots at the top
with Clay.
The reason whereof is, for
that the Aer is hereby kept out
from
the Sugar, which, in the open Pots, it hardens, be
fore it
hath full time to refine by separation. And there
fore, whereas the first way requires but one Month, this
requires four. The finest Sugar of all, (e) e) See
de Reb. Bra
sil. p. 119. &c
Lime-Water (and sometimes Urine) and Whites of Eggs.
Sugar-Candy (Saccharum cantum, because it
shoots into an
gular Figures) by placing a great many
slender sticks across
a Vessel of liquid Sugar, for it to shoot upon.
That which
saith Sugar: saving that,
whereas this is
made of the Juyce expressed and boil'd;
that of the Ancients,
as is likely, was only the Tears;
which
bursting out of the Cane, as the Gums or Milks of
Plants are used to do, were thereupon
harden'd into a pure
white Sugar. That the Sugar of the Ancients
was the
simple Concreted Juyce of a Cane, He well conjectures:
and what is above said of
the Mambu, may argue as much.
But that
it was the Juyce or Tears of the Sugar-Cane,
he
proves not. Nor, I think, could be, if, as is supposed, it
was, like Salt, friable, and hard. And
in affirming our Sugar
to be the same for substance with that of the Ancients, he
much mistakes; that being the simple Juyce of the Cane,
this a compounded Thing, always
mixed either with the
Salt of Lime, or of Ashes; sometimes of Animals too.
to
soft, and easily rub'd to powder. Never makes
any ebulli
tion with Acids.
First brought to
when the Plague was there. In which, and other Malignant Diseases, it hath generally
been esteemed of good use.
preparing
some Cathartick of Antimony, were all well nigh
suffocated. And that
upon his giving them each
Bole, they became very well. But the question
is, Whether
so soon as they were got out of the reach of the
Antimonial Fumes, (from which we
may be sure he took them) they
would not have been well
without it?
Terra Sigillata with d)d) p. 9
only
this is marked upon both Sides, that but upon one.Terra
Lemnia, the red Lemnos,
lour the Fingers. Armenian Bole, first brought to
Time, when the Plague raged. Terra Japonica,
both red and brown,
and dark-coloured. Don. D.
Jo. Hunter.Terra Fabrilis Rubrica,
Rubrick or Ruddle, very good from
my honoured Friend Robert Molesworth Esq Ochre, but so gritty that I suspect it is not that from
which is accounted the best
in the World (e)e) Nat. Hist. p. 55Plot
seth may in Process of Time be converted from yellow
Ochre to Rudle first, and after to Black Chalk, by a certain Transmutation so much
spoken of by
Naturalists. Chalks, of
which here are the Red and the Black
both used in Draw
ing.Terra Saponaria, Fullers Earth from
led Walker Earth, for the Reason before-mentioned,pag. 82 To that
burns white and clear, from
bacco-Pipe-Clay
rish, of which seePage 196Clays,
Argilla; Merretf)f) pag. 219
besides the White, mentions also the
Ash-colour, Blew, Yellow and
Red. Argil, full
of Mica or Cat-Silver, I found a
great
Quantity near the Coal-Mines of John
Gascoigne Esq
making a vast Drain betwixt
the same Depth, viz. 12
Foot, that for the same Reason that Fossil- is called
Wood Noah's-Ark, may be
concluded an Antedeluvian Nutwhite Sand from
.Galens Mad
wort according toClusius
wort according to