The Digital Ark: Early Modern Collections of Curiosities in England and Scotland, 1580-1700

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Alexander Severus, Roman Emperor (c. 209 - 235)

Youngest Roman Emperor, who gained power at age 13, ruled for 13 years (222-235) under the thumb of his mother, and was assassinated by the military after a disastrous campaign in Gaul. Full name: Marcus Julius Gessius Bassianus Alexianus (from birth to adoption); Caesar Marcus Aurelius Alexander (from adoption to accession); Caesar Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus (as emperor). Dictionary of National Biography entry: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198606413.001.0001/acref-9780198606413-e-993?rskey=Vn9k3r&result=1&q=alexander%20severus Other biography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Severus Relationships: Alexander Severus was a relative of Caracalla (04 Apr 188-08 Apr 217)
Alexander Severus was a relative of Elagabalus (203-11 Mar 222)
Alexander Severus was a relative of Gaius Hosidius Geta (c. 20-after 95)
Alexander Severus was a relative of Julia Maesa (c. 165-c. 224)
Alexander Severus was a relative of Septimius Severus (11 Apr 145-4 Feb 211)

Elagabalus (203-11 Mar 222) was a relative of Alexander Severus
Julia Avita Mamaea (after 180-Mar 235) was a mother of Alexander Severus
Maximinus Thrax (c. 173-238) was a associate or acquaintance (general) of Alexander Severus
Sallustia Barbia Orbiana (fl. 220s-) was a wife of Alexander Severus
References in Documents:
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) 417 Imp. Alexander pius Aug. Caput Alexandri laureat. Mars ultor, Mars gradiens, dextra hastam sinistra scutum. Ar. Severus Alexander. Head of Severus Alexander wreathed in laurel; Mars the Avenger walking, in his right hand a spear and in his left hand a shield.
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) Severus Alexander. Head of Severus Alexander wreathed in laurel; Mars the Avenger walking, in his right hand a spear and in his left hand a shield.
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) Severus Alexander. Walking figure, with a branch in the right hand and a staff in the left.
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) Severus Alexander. Mars the Avenger. Mars the Marcher, with a spear in his right hand and a shield in his left.
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) Severus Alexander. Walking military figure with a javelin in his right hand and with a trophy on his shoulders.
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) Severus Alexander. Standing figure with a branch in the right hand and with a spear in the left.
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) 44 IVLIA MAMÆA AVGVSTA Capt. J. Mamææ matris Alex. Severi. R. FELICITAS PVBLICA SC.Figura sedens dextrâ caduceum, sinistra Cornucopiæ. Æ. I. Julia Mamaea. Head of Julia Mamaea, mother of Severus Alexander. On the reverse, seated figure with a caduceus in the right hand and a cornucopia in the left.
18th-c coin catalogue (Canterbury Cathedral Lit MS E 16d)
Severus Alexander"> Coins of M. Aurelius severus Severus Alexander.
166 Head of Alexander IMP. CAES M AVR. SEV. ALEXANDER AVG Reverse a Warrior stepping forward in his Right Hand a Javelin upon his left Shoulder .... S.C PM. TRP. III COS II PP Javelin barbed Head BCasaubon
167 Head of Alexander. IMP. SEV. ALEXANDER AVG. Rev: The Emperor in a Quadriga Triumphal Car. S.C Casaubon
168 Head of Alexander IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG Reverse a Figure standing perhaps Hope. S.C SPES PUBLICA. Bargrave
169 Head of Alexander. IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG Reverse Jupiter in his Right Hand his Thunderbolt, in his left his Eagle. S.C. IOVI PROPVGNATORI. Bargrave
170 Head of Alexander IMP. ALEXANDER PIVS AVG Reverse a naked Figure its Right extended in its left carrying a sort of Whip says Occo.   S.C. PM. TRP. XII. COS III. P.P Bargrave
171 Head of Alexander IMP. ALEXANDER PIVS AVG Reverse Mars marching forwards in his Right Hand his spear on his left arm his shield. S.C MARS. VLTOR. Bargrave
Selections from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1669)

Since I had the Happiness to see you at York, I have met with nothing that is rare, save some very fair Coins, or rather Impressions upon Clay, which the Reverend Mr. Clark (the Lady Campden's Lecturer at Wakefield) brought me, that he had happily rescued from some some Laborours, who in delving in Fields near Thorp, on the Hill found a considerable Number of them, at (740) first we could not imagine for what use they were desined, but upon a stricter view, it appears plainly, they were for the Coining, or rather Counterfeiting of the Roman Moneys, that wretched Art it seems being in vogue 1500 Years ago, for they are indisputably of that Antiquity, and are really very dexterously done; they have round the Impression a Rim, about half the thickness of the Roman Silver Penny, in each of which is a little Notch, which being join’d to the like Nick in the next, makes a round Orifice to poure in the Mettal; each of these has either Two Heads, or as many Reverses; so that placing one, for Example, with Alexander Severns'sSeverus's Head on one side, and his Mother Julia Mammœa's on the other, betwixt Two Pieces with Reverses, it compleats both; so that one with Heads, and another with Reverses, are placed alternatim for a considerable length, and then all passed over with an outer Coat of Clay, to keep the Metal from running out, and a little Ledge on either side the Orifice, to convey the Metal into the long row of Holes: They are all of Emperors about the same Age, when indeed the Roman Moneys were notoriously adulterated, as is observable in any Collection of their Coins, though some of them now are so scarce, particularly a Duodumenianus, that I question whether this Age can produce one to take a Copy of.

Thoresby, Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1713) Certain Molds for counterfeiting the Roman Monies (that wretched Art it seems being in Vogue 1500 Years ago) found by the Labourers in delving at Thorp upon the Hill, near Lingwel-yate 1697. They are curious Impressions of their Coins upon very fine Clay, each hath a Rim half the Thickness of a Denarius on either Side the Piece with the Impression; and a Notch upon one Edge, which being joined with the like Nick on the next, makes a round Orifice to receive the Metal; each of these hath generally two Heads, or as many Reverses; so that placing one for Example, with Alex. Severus's Head on one Side, and his Mother Julia Mammea's on the other, betwixt two Pieces, with Reverses, it compleats both; so that one with Heads, and another with Reverses, are placed alternatim for a considerable Length, and then all pasted over with an outer Coat of Clay, and a little Ledge on either Side the Orifice to convey the Metal into the long Row of Holes; as appears by some thus placed that were presented to his Grace my late Lord Archbishop of Yorke: His Grace shewed me also a small Vessel of the same Materials, about the Bigness of the smallest sort of Crucibles for melting the Metal. All the legible Inscriptions I have met with are of Emperors about the same Age, when indeed the Roman Monies were notoriously adulterated, as is observable in any Collection of their Coins. Those that the Reverend Mr. Clarke, and Will. Ingram, of Thorp, Esq; procured for me, are inscribed, IVLIA. AVGVSTA, with her Head on one Side, and Severus's on the other, inscribed - - - - - PERT. AVG. IMP.VIII.
Thoresby, Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1713) One with Sev. Alexander's Head hath C. M. AVR. SEV. ALEXAND. AVG. Rev. PVDICTIA.
Sale Catalogue of Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1764) 15 Coins of Did., Julianus 1, Pesc. Niger 1, Sept. Severus 3, Caracalla 1, Jul. Mammea 1, Severus" ref="562">Alex. Severus 3, Gordianus 3, vide N° 459., 460., 465., 468., 495., 530., 549., 558., 570, 571., 578, 579, and 581 13
Sale Catalogue of Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1764) 47 Julia Paula 2, Julia Aquilia 1, Julia Mæsa 2, Julia Mammea 2, Alex. Severus 15, vide No. 542 to 548, 550 to 563., 565., 567 24
Sale Catalogue of Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1764) 48 Alex. Severus 1, Maximinus 4, Balbinus 1, Gordianus 10, Philipps 5, Ottacilla 2, Philip jun. 1, vide No. 569., 572 to 576., 580, 582 to 584, 586 to 591, 595 to 599, and 603 to 605 24
Musaeum Tradescantianum (1656) M. Aural: Sever: Alexander.
Musaeum Tradescantianum (1656) M. Aur: Sever: Alexander. 1. 2.