The Digital Ark: Early Modern Collections of Curiosities in England and Scotland, 1580-1700

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Oliver Cromwell (25 Apr 1599 - 03 Sep 1658)

English parliamentarian and Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1653 until his death. On 30 January 1661, Charles II had Cromwell's corpse exhumed from Westminster Abbey and displayed at Tyburn, and his head was then mounted on a spike at the Tower of London.

Dictionary of National Biography entry: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6765 Other biography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell Relevant locations: Visited Knottingley, West Yorkshire
Relationships: Elizabeth Claypole (02 Jul 1629 -06 Aug 1658) was a relative of Oliver Cromwell
Richard Cromwell (4 Oct 1626-12 Jul 1712) was a son of Oliver Cromwell
Henry Ireton (bap. 3 Nov 1611-26 Nov 1651) was a associate or acquaintance (general) of Oliver Cromwell
Thomas Manton (bap. 1620-1677) was a employed by Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell Robina (1594-1660) was a sister of Oliver Cromwell
References in Documents:
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) Oliver Cromwell, Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. On the reverse an olive branch. 3 September 1658
Consolidated catalogue of 1695: The Book of the Vice-Chancellor (MacGregor, ed.) Oliver Cromwell, Protector of England, Scotland, Ireland, etc. Hujus locum supplet Anna Maria d This place has been taken by Anne Mary.
MS Book of the dean of Christ Church (MacGregor, ed.) 641 Effigies dextræ ... Dñæ Claypoole Oliverij Angl. Protectoris filiæ dilectæ, item eodem opere. Representation of the right ... Mrs Claypole, the beloved daughter of Oliver [Cromwell], Protector of England, also made in the same way.
MS Book of the dean of Christ Church (MacGregor, ed.) 675 Pictura (ut dicitur) Oliverij Cromwell Angl. Protectoris. 87 Picture said to be of Oliver Cromwell, Protector of England.
MS Book of the dean of Christ Church (MacGregor, ed.) 6 Olivarius Cromewellus superius dictus. AV. Oliver Cromwell (referred to above), in gold.
Objects mentioned in correspondence
Dr. Browne to his son Thomas. Aprill the 22, Norwich, [1661.] Honest Tom, [MS 391 Rawlinson Collection. Wilkin: "seem to have been transcripts by Mrs. Elizabeth Lyttelton, his daughter"].

I hope by this time thou art got somewhat beyond plaist il, and ouy Monsieur, and durst ask a question and give an answer in french, and therefore now I hope you goe to the Protestant Church, to which you must not be backward, for tho there church order and discipline be different from ours, yet they agree with us in doctrine and the main of Religion. Endeavour to write french; that will teach you to understand it well, you should have signified the Apoticary's name with whom you dwell, in such a place you may see the drugs and remember them all your life. I received your letter and like your description of the place, both the Romans and English have lived there; the name of Santonna now Xaintes is in the geographie of Ptolemie who lived under Antoninus, as also Porto Santonicus where Rochell stands, and Promontorium Santonicum where now Bloys. My coyns are encreased since you went I had 60 coynes of King Stephen found in a grave before Christmas, 60 Roman silver coyns I bought a month agoe, and Sir Robert Paston will send me his box of Saxon and Roman coyns next week, which are about thirtie, so that                                   I would not buy any there except some few choice ones which I have not already; but you doe very well to see all such things, 8 DOMESTIC CORRESPONDENCE. [1661. some likely have collections which they will in courtesie show, as also urns and lachrimatories; any friend will help you to a sight thereof, for they are not nice in such things. I should be content you should see Rochell and the Isle of Rhee, salt works are not far from you, for the sommer will be too hot to travail and I would have you wary to expose yourself then to heats, but to keep quiet and in shades. Write some times to Mr. Dade civil letters with my service. I send at this time by Rochell whither the ships will be passing from Yarmouth for salt. Point your letters hereafter, I mean the ends of sentences. Christ church is in a good condition much frequented, and they have a sweet organ; on Tuesday next is the Coronation day when Mr. Bradford preacheth: it will be observed with great solemnity especially at London: a new Parliment on the 8th of May and there is a very good choice almost in all places. Cory the Recorder, and Mr. Jay, 2 Royallists gained it here against all opposition that could possibly bee made; the voyces in this number, Jaye 1070, Corie 1001, Barnham 562, Church 436. My Lord Richardson and Sir Ralph Hare caryed it in the county without opposition. Lent was observed this year which made Yarmouth and fishermen rejoyce. The Militia is settled in good hands through all England, besides volunteer troops of hors, in this Citty Collonell Sir Joseph Pain, Lieutenant Coll. Jay, Major Bendish, Captain Wiss, Brigs, Scottow, 2 volunteer troops in the country under Mr Knivet and Sir Horace Townsend, who is made a Lord. Good boy doe not trouble thy self to send us any thing, either wine or bacon. I would have sent money by Exchange, but Charles Mileham would not have me send any certain sum, but what you spend shall be made good by him. I wish some person would direct you a while for the true pronunciation and writeing of french, by noe means forget to encrease your Latin, be patient civil and debonair unto all, be temperate and stir litle in the hot season: by the books sent you may understand most that has pasd since your departure, and you may now read the french Gazets which come out weekly. Yesterday the Dean preached and red the Liturgie or Common prayer, and had a Comunion at Yarmouth as haveing a right to doe so some times, both at 1661.] DOMESTIC CORRESPONDENCE. 9 St Marys the great church at Lynn and St Nicholas church at Yarmouth as he is Dean. It is thought by degrees most will come to conformitie. There are great preparitions against tomorrow the Coronation day, the County hors came hither to joyn the Regiment of foot of this Citty, a feast at the new hall, generall contributions for a feast for the poor, which they say will be in the market place, long and solemn service at Christ Church beginning at 8 a Clock and with a sermon ending at twelve. Masts of ships and long stageing poles already set up for becon bonfires, speeches and a little play by the strollers in the market place an other by young Cityzens at Timber Hill on a stage, Cromwell hangd and burnt every where, whose head is now upon Westminster hall, together with Ireton and Bradshows. Have the love and fear of God ever before thine eyes; God confirm your faith in Christ and that you may live accordingly, Je vous recommende a Dieu. If you meet with any pretty insects of anany kind keep them in a box, if you can send les Antiquites de Bourdeaux by any ship, it may come safe.

(No Signature.)
Selections from his diary

July 6] I saw [my] prety boy, return’d early to Lond, & the next day, met my Wife and company at Oxford, which being on the 7th was the Eve of the Act: [July 8] Next day was spent in hearing severall exercises in the Sholes, & after dinner the Procter opened the Act at St. Maries (according to custome) & the Praevaricators their drolery, then the Doctors disputed, & so we supp’d at Waddum Coll: The 9th Dr. French preechd at St. Maries on 12: Matt: 42, advising the Students the Search after true Wisdome, not to be had in the books of Philosophers, but Scriptures: in the afternoone the famous Independent Dr. Owen, perstringing Episcopacy: he was now Cromwells Vice-Chancellor: We din'd with Dr. Ward, Mathematical Professor [since Bish: of Salisbury], & at night Supp'd in Balliol Coll: Hall, where I had once ben student & fellow Commoner, where they made me extraordinarily wellcome, but I might have spent the Evening as well.

A Catalogue of Many Natural Rarities (Authorial, print 1664) The Vein of the tongue of that Whale that was taken up at Greenwich, a little before Cromwel's death, it is like a vein stocke that is withered.
A Catalogue of Many Natural Rarities (Authorial, print 1665) The Vein of the tongue of that Whale that was taken up at Greenwich, a little before Cromwells death; it is like a Vine-stock that is withered.
A Catalogue of Those Rarities Collected (Authorial, print 1669) A Vein of the tongue of that Whale that was taken up at Greenwitch before Cromwels death, it is like a Vine stake that is withered.
[Excerpts from Zacharias Uffenbach's diary of his visit to Oxford in 1710 in the company of his brother Johann Friedrich Uffenbach] There is close by another cabinet, in which formerly Laudi Numismata were kept, as the inscription, which is still there makes evident; but the coins have been moved into the first one and unbound books put in their place. The coin cabinet stands for its better protection behind a strong wooden railing. The cabinet itself is very large and comparatively well wrought—but old-French in style like the old Tresors. At the top are some large drawers out of which Mr. Crab, with much circumstance and as if it were a sacred thing, reached down an old sword with a hilt of silver-gilt. This is said to be the one sent by Pope Leo X. to Henry VIII. as Defender of the Faith. It has a large knob of crystal, which can be unscrewed and in which is painted a golden hour-glass with the word: Vigilate. Mr. Crab also showed us something very curious: a gilt chain with a portrait given by the Emperor to a poet who had been crowned with laurels. The most important item, in fact the coins, Mr. Crab did not show us at all—perhaps because he understood nothing about them and moreover did not admire them. But he drew out several drawers and showed the following: a crown and a half crown of the time of Cromwell round the edge of which runs Has mihi nemo nisi periturus eripiet, which Evelyn on Medals treats of, p. 119. Further a coin which is really one pound sterling. Also a ten shilling piece. At last we were taken right up on the roof of the gallery which is covered with lead, where one can look round and see the whole town and neighbourhood.
Thoresby, Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1713) The Heads of K. Henry 4. and K. Hen. 5. Charles 5. Emperor, and his Son Philip, King of England and Spain. Queen Mary, and Q. Elizabeth, K. James I. and Q. Anne; his Son-in-Law Frederick K. of Bohemia, and Q. Elizabeth, Mother to the Princess Sophia. The Duke of Alva, Oliver Cromwell, quondam-Protector; Mr. Pym, and Tho. Lord Fairfax, the General. Wicliffe, Tindal and Knox (Don. D. S. Wainwright); Dr. Donne, Mr. Marvel, Mr. Bowles, and Mr. Wales. Old Tho. Par, and Mr. Henry Giles, the noted Glass-Painter; all these in Oil-Colours upon Wood or Cloth.
Thoresby, Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1713) Privy-Seals for Loans temp. Jac. & Car. I. Bonds; Executions, and Writs in English, under the several Titular Administrations of the Keepers of the Liberties of England 1652. Oliver Lord-Protector of the Commonwealth of England 1657.
Sale Catalogue of Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1764)
MUSÆUM THORESBYANUM. A Catalogue Of the genuine and valuable COLLECTION Of that well known Antiquarian the late RALPH THORESBY, Gent. F. R. S. Author of DUCATUS LEODIENSIS. CONSISTING OF Roman, British, Runic, Saxon, and English Coin and Medals in Gold, Silver, &c. Manuscripts, Curiosities, Autographs, antient Deeds, original Letters and Signs Manual of British and foreign Kings and Queens, Cromwell the Protector and his Son Richard, Principal Nobility and eminent Persons, for Two Centuries past. All which will be SOLD by AUCTION, By WHISTON BRISTOW, Sworn Broker, At the Exhibition Room, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross, On Monday March 5th, and the Two following Days, begining punctually at 12 o’Clock. To be viewed on Thursday March 1st, and the following Days, Sunday excepted. Catalogues to be had gratis at the Place of Sale, and of W. Bristow [Publisher of the Public Ledger] St. St. Paul's Churchyard, who sells by Commission Estates, Medals, Books, Pictures, Curiosities, Stocks in Trade, and Houshold Furniture.
Sale Catalogue of Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1764) 70 A medal of Cromwell" ref="478">Oliver Cromwell, and one of Fairfax 2
Sale Catalogue of Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1764) 204 The Protector Cromwell" ref="478">Oliver Cromwell's Crown, Half Crown, and Shilling, vide 436. 449. 451 3
Sale Catalogue of Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1764) 71 One ditto of Richard Cromwell, and Letters Patent under his Hand and Great Seal, as Lord Protector of the commonwealth of England, for dissolving the Parliament, April 20th 1659
Sale Catalogue of Musaeum Thoresbyanum (1764) 86 Two Letters from Cromwell the Protector to Captain F. Pickering near Wakefield Yorkshire- Instructions to Lord Viscount Fauconberge upon his Repair roto the French King- A Letter to Lord Wharton, Concerning the Loss of Knottingly- A Letter from R. Cromwell to the University of Oxford