The Digital Ark: Early Modern Collections of Curiosities in England and Scotland, 1580-1700

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Royal College of Physicians (1518 - )

Alias College of Physicians (Alias)

In the seventeenth-century, a body governing professional standards and accreditation, founded by Thomas Linacre in 1518. First housed in a small domestic property on Knightrider Street, the College moved to Amen Corner in 1614 (Walker, 476). In 1651, with a gift from Alumnus William Harvey, the College expanded these buildings, designed by architect John Webb, to include a library and a new anatomy theatre; an anatomy theatre evidently occupied that site as early as 1641 (ibid., 476, 481). According to John Evelyn, the College building also contained a collection "of divers natural curiosities" (Walker, 481, quoting de Beer, 3.338). Robert Hooke managed the development of third set of building on Warwick Lane in the 1670's, with a new stand-alone anatomy theatre and a library designed by Christopher Wren. Other biography: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians Collector (minor)
Relevant locations: Housed collection or remnant at Amen Corner, London
Past Location at No. 5 Knightrider Street, London
Past Location at Amen Corner, London
Past Location at Warwick Lane, London
Relationships: Royal College of Physicians was a employer of Robert Hooke (18 Jul 1635-3 Mar 1703)
Royal College of Physicians was a employer of Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723)

William Gibbons (1649-1728) was a member of Royal College of Physicians
Charles Goodall (1642-23 Aug 1712 ) was a member of Royal College of Physicians
Nathaniel Johnston (1627-1705) was a member of Royal College of Physicians
Christopher Love Morley (1645/6-fl. 1703) was a member of Royal College of Physicians
Thomas Millington (1628-1704) was a member of Royal College of Physicians
Frederick Slare (1646/7-1727) was a member of Royal College of Physicians
Nicholaus, the Elder Staphorst (-fl. 1701) was a employed by Royal College of Physicians
Thomas Trapham (-1692) was a member of Royal College of Physicians
Edward Tyson (20 Jan 1651-1 Aug 1708) was a member of Royal College of Physicians
Linked print sources: as Subject of/in a document - Architecture, Anatomy, and the New Science in Early Modern London: Robert Hooke’s College of Physicians.
References in Documents:
MS Book of Benefactors (MacGregor, ed.)

Edward Ent, son of the most celebrated Sir George Ent, President of the Royal College of Physicians, was a student of Civil Law at Balliol College, and also took a very keen interest in the mysteries of Nature. He was happy to be able to give the Museum twenty-four birds (some of them wild) in order to fill a major gap in the Museum’s collection.

A Brief Narrative of a Strange and Wonderful Old Woman that hath a Pair of Horns (1676)
A Narrative OFof A strange and wonderful Old Woman, that hath a Great Pair of Horns growing upon the hinder parts of her Head; And is at present to be seen at the Swan in the Strand near Charing-Cross. READERReader,

ITIt may be, upon the first View of the Title of this short Relation, thou wilt throw it down with all the carelessness imaginable, supposing it to be but an idle and impertinent Fiction, such as some Frontless persons have too frequently exposed to publick View, on purpose (4) to impose upon the Credulity of the Gazing Multitude, who are apt to gape at Wonders, and to think all true as the Gospel, they see in Print.

That this may court thy more favourable Thoughts, call to minde, that such as intend to deceive, tell of Wonders hat are remote, and too far distant from thee, either suddenly to disprove, or presently to confirm thy self in the belief of what they have told.

This gives thee an Account of what thou mayest with little trouble, and as small expence, behold: Take but a Walk to the Swan in the Strand, near Charing-Cross, and there thou mayest satisfie thy Curiosity, and be able to tell the World whether this following Narration be truth or invention.

There thou mayest see a Woman hath Horns growing upon the hinder part of her Head, an Object not onely worthy of your Sight, but Admiration too! She is Seventy six Years of Age, Bred and Born in the Parish of Shotwick in Cheshire, and within four Miles of Chester, Tenant unto His Blessed Majesty, upon a Farm of Sixteen pounds per Annum; so that she is not necessitated to this Course of Life: or to deceive the credulous and short-sighted People, but to manifest to the World such a Wonder in Na (5) ture, as hath neither been read or heard of (we may justly suppose) since the Creation.

She was Wife to one Master Henry Davies, who dyed Thirty five Years pass'd; And since she hath lived a Religious Widow, all along of a spotless and unblameable Life and Conversation, of singular use to her Neighbours, for she is a professed Mid-wife; happy and successful in that Undertaking: So that her Departure was generally lamented in the place of her Abode, in such a measure, that several of her Neighbours and Acquaintance brought her many Miles of her Journey.

This strange and stupendious Effect began first from a Soreness in that place where now the Horns grow, which (as 'tis thought) was occasioned by wearing a straight Hat. This Soreness continued Twenty Years, in which time it miserably afflicted this good Woman, and ripened gradually unto a Wenn near the bigness of a large Hen Egg, which continued for the space of Five Years, more sadly tormenting her than before: After which time it was, by a strange operation of Nature, changed into Horns, which are in shew and substance much like a Ramms Horns, solid and wrinckled, but sadly grieving the Old Woman, especially upon the change of Weather.

But more accurately to Describe its Nature (6) and Manner of Production, may be a Subject proper for a Colledge of Physitians; and no question but it will be esteemed worthy to employ the Ingenious Vertuoso's of the Age, who need not their Glasses to magnifie its Wonder.

She hath cast her Horns three times already; The first time was but a single Horn, which grew long, but as slender as an Oaten straw: The second was thicker than the former: The two first Mr. Hewson Minister of Shotwick (to whose Wife this Rarity was first discovered) obtained of the Old Woman his Parishioner: They kept not an equal distance of time in falling off, some at three, some at four, and another at four Years and a halfs Growth.

The third time grew two Horns, both which were beat off by a Fall backward; one of them an English Lord obtained, and (as is reported) presented it to the French King for the greatest Rarity in Nature, and received with no less Admiration: The other (which was the largest) was Nine Inches long, and two Inches about; it is much valued for the Novelty, a greater than any Iohn Tradeskin can set to view, or the greatest Traveller can with truth affirm to have seen. Sir Willoughby Aston hath also another Horne which dropt from this Womans Head, and reserves it as a Choice Rarity. At this present she hath a pair of Hornes upon her Head of Six Moneths Growth; And 'tis not without reason (7) believed, they will in a short time bee larger than any of the former; for still the latter have exceeded the former in bigness.

The Circumstance of this Relation considered or examined, at least with the sight of her, I hope it will not readily be believed to be an Imposture, or Artificial Projecting; For so grosly to impose upon His Majesty, and all His Loyal Subjects, would be an unpardonable Crime, and would deserve mens Contempt, and not their Company, and certainly expose the Party to the Violence of a rude Multitude, who discovering a Cheat, would, I believe, soon make the Old Woman pull in her Horns.

FINIS.
Bargrave's catalogue: Rara, Antiqua, et Numismata Bargraviana (Canterbury Cathedral Lit MS E 16a)

(34). A very artificial anatomy of a human eye, with all its films or tunicles, by way of turnery in ivory and horn; together with the optick nerve which runneth into the brain, from which nerve the eye receiveth all its several motions. This excellent piece of art hath, when it is opened, fourteen pieces in it; but are, indeed, but a little more parcels in themselves than half so many. When you take them in sunder, the best way to keep them in order is to lay them all in a row, and then you shall find that the first piece and the last are in nature but one tunicle, and by art two, if you join them together; each half (but one) hath its correspondent—the corneus with the corneus, the two black ones likewise the same, and so the rest. The little apple of it also is included in two half tunicles. The usual way of anatomizing an eye, longways, by turning the films flat over one another, could not be so visibly imitated by art; but this, or roundway, was the invention of the College of Physicians at Padoüa, where an artist of High Germany imployed his skill in turning according to these doctors’ orders, and at length produced this excellent piece of art—this anatomy of the human eye. I have one also of an oxes eye, but that is very rude, gross, and not exact. I bought this eye at Venice of a High Dutch turner, and, for the proof of it, I went a double share in two anatomies, of a man’s body and a woman’s, chiefly for this eye’s sake, and it was found to be exact.

Petiver, Musei Petiveriani (1695-1703) 11. Dr. CHARLES GOODALL, Physician to the Charter-house and one of the College, observed this last Autumn, near Tunbridge-Wells, several Curious Mushrooms which he was pleased to give me.
Petiver, Gazophylacii Naturæ (1702-1706) To Dr. Tancred Robinson Fellow of the Colledge of Physicians and Royal Society, this Table is humbly dedicated by J. Petiver.
Petiver, Gazophylacii Naturæ (1702-1706) TAB: IX
[Fig: figures of objects in Table 9]
To Dr. HANS SLOAN, Fellow of the Colledge of Physicians, Secretary of the Royal Society &c. This Plate is humbly Dedicated by JAMES PETIVER F. R. S.
Petiver, Gazophylacii Naturæ (1702-1706) To Dr. JOHN WOODWARD, M. D. Physick Professor of Gresham College, and one of the College of Physicians, LONDON, This Table is humbly dedicated by JAMES PETIVER, F. R. S.
Petiver, Gazophylacii Naturæ (1702-1706) 7. Pin-headed Cobweb Mushroom, Cat. 117. Dr. Charles Goodall President of the College of Physicians sent me this, which he observ'd to spring from Flower and Water putrefied.
Petiver, Gazophylacii Naturæ (1702-1706) Tab. LVIII
[Fig: figures of objects in Table 58]
To Dr TANCRED ROBINSON, Fellow of the College of Physicians and Royal Society. This Table is humbly Dedicated by JAMES PETIVER, F. R. S.
Petiver, Gazophylacii Naturæ (1702-1706) Tab. LIX
[Fig: figures of objects in Table 59]
To Dr HANS SLOAN, Fellow of the Colledge of Physicians, Secretary of the Royal Society, &c. This Plate is humbly Dedicated by JAM. PETIVER, F. R. S.
Selections from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1669) VIPRERA CAUDI-SONA Americana, Or the Anatomy of a Rattle-Snake, Dissected at the Repository of the Royal Society in January 1682. by Edw. Tyson M.D. Coll. Med. Lond. Cand. & R. S. Soc.
Selections from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1669) Tajacu seu Aper Mexicanus Moschiferus, or the Anatomy of the Mexico Musk-Hog, &c. [By the Learned and Ingenious Edward Tyson M. D. Fellow of the College of Physicians and of the Royal Society.]
Selections from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1669) II. A Discourse concerning the Large Horns frequently found under Ground in Ireland, Concluding from them that the great American Deer, call'd a Moose, was formerly common in that Island: With Remarks on some other things Natural to that Country. By Thomas Molyneux, M. D. Fellow of the King and Queens Colledge of Physicians in Ireland, and of the Royal Society in England.
Selections from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1669) VI. Part of a Letter from Mr. Thorseby, dated Leeds, July 10. 1697. to Dr. Martin Lister, Fellow of the Colledge of Physicians and Royal Society; concerning Two Roman Altars lately found in the North of England: With Notes on the same, by Tho Gale, D. D. and F. R. S.
Selections from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1669)
I. An Account of the Tongue of a Pastinaca Marina, frequent in the Seas about Jamaica, and lately dug up in Mary-Land, and England. By Hans Sloane. M. D.

DRDr. Tancred Robinson, Fellow of the College of Physitians and Royal Society, did me the favour some time since; to show me a considerable number of Fossil Bones and Shells of several sorts he had latley come to his hands from Mary-Land. Some of them had received little alteration in the Earth, others more, and some were so changed as to be stony, but all of them retain'd their ancient shape so well, that it was easie for any body, who remembred the Figures of the parts of those Animals, to conclude these Fossils must have come from the same Original.

One of these Fossils (of which I never remembred to have seen any before except a little piece with Mr. Petiver) I had the favour of the Doctor to carry home with me to compare with the Tongue of a Fish I had (675) observ'd in Jamaica; and on setting it and the Fossil together, and comparing them with another of the same Tongues in pieces which I saw in Mr. Charletons, most useful and admirable Collection of Natural Curiosities; we found a perfect agreement of the Tongue that was dug up in Mary-Land, and that taken from the Fish in our Collections.

It was the Opinion of some, that these Bones were the pieces of a petrified Mushrome, the Lamellæ of which this Fossil in some manner resembl'd; but to demonstrate what they were, I had leave of Mr. Charleton and Dr. Robinson, to shew them at a Meeting of the Royal Society, and to take their Figures that they might be grav'd, together with the whole Tongue I had my self. This is done in the Plate belonging to this Tranactionsaction: where

Fig. 1. Is the whole Tongue of a flat Fish akin to the Thornback, call'd Pastinaca Marina, &c. It is made up of many Bones (about Nineteen in this) which are each of them crooked, their two sides making an obtuse Angle, such as the sides of the under mandible of a Man does; the uppermost sides of these several Bones have Furrowes and peices standing together after the manner of the Teeth of a short small tooth'd Comb, the extant ends of which answer the like parts in the Bones of the upper Jaw of this Fish, between which and this Tongue the Food of this Fish is to be cut, torn, or ground to pieces. One instance of the many admirable contrivances of the Wise Creator, in providing all Creatures with Organs proper to their several necessities.

Fig. 2. Is the under side of the same divided into several pieces also, but having no Furrows or Teeth, as those of the upperside have.

(676)

Fig. 3, and 6. Shew the Joints or pieces of the same Tongue, separated and in several Positions of their upper and under Sides, to show the perfect Agreement is between the pieces of the Tongue of the Fish taken lately from it, and those taken out of the Earth, which are Figur'd in the like Positions at N° 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, & 12.

Fig. 13. & 14. Are the upper and under sides of what, I suppose, is the upper Mandible or Palate of this Fish, which is opposite to, or answers this Tongue: The agreement of this in all parts with the Tongue making it very likely to belong, if not to this same, yet to this kind of Fish.

Du Tertre in his Histoire Naturelle des Antilles p. 217. calls this Fish Autre sorte de Raye. Marcgrave, ed. 1648. p. 175. Piso. ib. Lib. 3. p. 58. & ed. 1658. Lib. 5. p. 293. as well as Mr. Willoughby and Ray, Hist. Pisc. p. 66. call it Nari-Nari, and give a further account of it. I shall also have occasion to speak more of this Fish in my Observations on the Fishes about the Island of Jamaica, of which this is one, and which I there call Pastinaca Marina, Lævis, livida, albis maculis notata.

I am apt to believe the Anonymus Portugal, whose description of Brasile is published in Purchas, Lib. 7. cap. 1. p. 1313. means this, when he says, there were Rayes, having in their Mouth 2 Bones breaking wilks with them.

A Part of one of the Joints of this Tongue was dug up in England, and given to Mr. Charleton, by Mr. Lhwid of Oxford, by the Name of Siliquastrum Subnigrum pectinatum maximum.

Dr. Robinson thinks the Fossil Palate or Mandible Fig. 13, and 14. may be of the same kind with that taken notice of by Lachmund, in his Book de Lapidibus, p. 17. where 'tis call'd Pentacrinos.