[25 August 1710] [Uffenbach's morning was spent in the Library]

At last, in the afternoon, we inspected the Ashmolean Museum, and this time only the museum itself and the natural history specimens to be found there. They are in the biggest and most important room or hall in the than from inside. Below is a spacious place of honour or vestibule, and, on the left, the library of Thos. WoodAnthony Wood. Down in the vestibule stands the great iron cradle of which Benthem makes mention. On the walls of the staircase hang many pictures but they are nothing very special. Arrived at the top of the stairs, one sees another door which leads into the little room in which is the Bibliotheca M Sta Ashmoleana. But this time, as stated, we only saw the museum. This is in the hall at the top of the stairs to the left. For England the natural history specimens to be found here are in fair order. But on our first entrance we wondered not a little that there should be such talk made over this museum outside this island, and more particularly of course within it. For to take one instance, Herr Bürgermeister Reimers in Lüneburg. who is only a private person, has certainly as many specimens again as one meets with here and far more important ones.

We noticed various very large goats' horns, one of which was four span in circumference. For this realm is everywhere very prolific in horn, and moreover all horned creatures are extraordinarily well furnished with them. We also saw two of the white caudae setosae vaccarum, such as Borricchius, and we too, had observed in the Schola Anatomica. Then we noticed different Cornua Ammonis, such a size as I have never seen before. Farther on was the head of a ram with four horns for, as I remarked above, England is a terra maxime cornifera, and the cows have terrific horns, as large indeed as our oxen. There is also a very beautiful stuffed reindeer. It has antlers like an elk, but otherwise resembles a stag in size and form, with hair nearly the length of one's little finger and almost as stiff as horse-hair, picked out or sprinkled with grey-white or black and white. Here, also, is a stuffed Indian ass, white with dark brown stripes or rings, such as I had already seen in Berlin. Likewise we saw an extraordinarily big tortoise, as also the skin of a Turkish goat: it is very large, yellowish-white, with very long, soft and rather crinkled hair, inches in length and as soft as silk. In the windows stood about thirty glass vessels with all kinds of Indian botanical specimens, plants and flowers in spirit. As inscribed on them in gold lettering, they are ex dono Cl. Viri D. Jacobi Pound, M.B. (Med. Baccalaurei). We further noticed a very large dens molaris over a finger in length and two inches thick. The accompanying memorandum: "This is supposed to be one of the teeth of the Danish Giant Warwick found by M. Brown near Pontfreat Castle an. 1700," is a prodigious supposition. Credat Judaeus Apella, non ego. — Also, a very long and wide skin of a serpens candisorius, white with brown spots, about twelve feet long and one and a half wide. In several of the glasses, in brandy, were sundry strange creatures, likewise presented by the above mentioned Pound, such as a few snakes and amongst them a small rattle-snake. Also a crocodile, a salamander, etc. In one corner stood a cabinet in which were many beautiful lapides pretiosi, such as I have seldom seen in such profusion and in the centre were several fine lapides florentini; an uncommonly good glosso-petra, about seven inches long and two wide at the back, a lovely light green stone, almost like Jasper and various beautiful crystals also, amongst them two pieces with moss imbedded in them. A splendid topaz, bigger than a walnut. An amethyst, as large again as the above, but faulty. In the cabinet were also some drawers which contained about thirty specimens of old and new, but bad, coins. Furthermore the Knight St. George and the Dragon, well cut in amber. Likewise the Crucifixion of Christ, very delicately carved on a peach stone with the signature N. B. Again the birth of Christ in just the same style, as also a representation of the Saviour. Further cherry-stones carved in the same way. Also Apollo fairly well cut in coral; a calendarium runicum on eleven little wooden tablets (the remaining one having been lost), each a finger in length and not quite two fingers in breadth. An abacus indicus which consists of a little wooden box in which are some round bullets that can be moved with a wire. Earrings of dyed straw, the size of a nut and shaped hke pearls such as women are said to have worn in Spain in by-gone years. Also several artistic objects of turned ivory. Several beautiful rosaria in crystal and other materials. Various curious specimens of all sorts of succinum (amber), amongst them some with flies and one specially beautiful with a spider. Two gold chains, one of which was presented to Ashmole by Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg, the other by the King of Denmark, together with the coins suspended from them.

We were then shown a very curious stone; for when it was struck in two, a piece of money was found in the centre, which had grown into the stone, or rather the stone had grown around it. Also a very large Indian writing tablet with leaves of black paper and a cover beautifully lacquered in red. An extraordinarily curious horn which had grown on the back of a woman's head. It was exactly like a horn, except that it was thinner and browner in colour. It is certainly somewhat of a curiosity, and it appears that men-folk bear their horns in front and women theirs behind. It was noted on a label that it originated from a Mary Davis of Sanghall in Cheshire an. aet. 71 an Dn. 1668. No doubt it will have been mentioned in the Transactiones Angl., or in the Histor. nat. of Cheshire, and can be looked up there. The horn was blackish in colour, not very thick or hard, but well proportioned.

At a window was a very large cochlea bivalvis, but only one half of it was there. Further a cabinet with five drawers full of great shells. Another cabinet with smaller shells, none of which were perfect, or which one could not see better in Holland. Near this cabinet stood an enormous cabbage-stalk from five to six feet in height and over an arm in thickness. By the windows hung several sorts of carved and painted panels, and amongst these was the portrait of John Tradescant, curiously painted as though he were standing out from the clouds-perhaps because of the name, quasi transcendat coelos. Amongst the carvings was Andromeda with Perseus, incomparably carved in alabaster on a black wooden panel. It is a pity that this beautiful old work of art is so badly mounted; also that several pieces are missing. There was still another cabinet with a materia medica, in which were all manner of gummi, boli, terrae sigillatae, together with some fossils and drugs. With them (for what reason I do not know) was a stone stated to be the petrified heel of a shoe, and certainly very much resembling one; although it is difficult to believe, since the hole in the middle through which heels were formerly fixed to the shoe quite obviously had been recently bored.

Further on we saw on the wall all kinds of Indian weapons and articles of clothing. A number of nails which had been melted into a lump by lightning were lying in a basket on a table. In a case I found a very well-wrought Indian idol, or, as the Custos called it, Brachmanus. He declared the stone was unknown but it appeared to me as being a sort of steatite from which the Indians usually make their gods, although it had red veins (which I had not seen before) and was very highly polished. The ridiculous fellow who was showing us the specimens and who is a Sub-Custos and Scholar of a College (the Custos himself, Mr. Parry, cannot: show strangers over the museum for guzzling and toping) announced in all earnest that the material for these gods was made of rice, boiled and then dyed.

In a cupboard were all manner of foreign costumes, amongst them curious caps made of different kinds of very beautiful gay-coloured feathers, such as the upper classes in India wear for protection against the sun. On the wall next to this cupboard were hanging many more dresses and in particular foreign fashions in shoes; further an Indian lantern without glass or horn: that is to say made of plaited and painted reeds or rushes, quite transparent and prettily made. They may be all very well in India where there is no wind, but not in England where it is never calm. In the centre of the hall hangs the portrait of the founder Ashmole life-size, standing before a table, one hand holding a book in folio entltled History of the Garter, which he had written and published. He wore one of the chains mentioned above to which, doubtless, the words under the picture refer: —praemia honoraria.

When we were finished I got them to show me the catalogue of the museuum. This is a bad description consisting, it is true, of six volumes in four, each a finger in thickness, but with the specimens only designated by one word. The first volume is a catalogus librorum quos prima vice donavit Elias Ashmole an. 1685, and with it a catalogus animalium. The second yolume is a catalogus numismatum, including 398 recentiora, several Roman and three hundred pure English, though many are entered twice over. Vol. 3 is materia medica. Vol. 4 is fossilia &. vegetabilia &. lapides terrae, conchae. Vol. 5 is catalogus lapidum pretiosorum. Vol. 6 is de cochleis tam terrestribus fluviatilibus quam marinis.

One could wish that the catalogues or indices, bad as they are, were published, or, better still that an accurate description of this museum could be made, like that of the Royal Society Museum in London, although as far as the lapides are concerned, Lloyd, the former learned and diligent Custos of this museum has, I believe, commenced one. But the present Proto-Custos, as he is called, Master Parry, is too idle to continue it, although he is little inferior to his predecessor Lloyd in natural history or in the knowledge of Cambrian, Anglo-Saxon and other languages. But he is always lounging about in the inns, so that one scarcely ever meets him in the museum, as I have already said; if it were not for this he could yet do well as he is still a young man a little over thirty. The specimens in the museum might also be much better arranged and preserved, although they are better kept than those in Gresham College, London, which are far too bad considering their splendid description. But it is surprising that things can be preserved even as well as they are, since the people impetuously handle every thing in the usual English fashion and, as I mentioned before, even the women are allowed up here for sixpence; they run here and there, grabbing at everything and taking no rebuff from the Sub-Custos. I had the leges copied for me by my servant as they are privately printed and not obtainable, though perhaps I might have found them in Wood's Historia Universitatis Oxoniensis. But enough of this museum.

I. An Account of the Tongue of a Pastinaca Marina, frequent in the Seas about Jamaica, and lately dug up in Mary-Land, and England. By Hans Sloane. M. D.

DRDr. Tancred Robinson, Fellow of the College of Physitians and Royal Society, did me the favour some time since; to show me a considerable number of Fossil Bones and Shells of several sorts he had latley come to his hands from Mary-Land. Some of them had received little alteration in the Earth, others more, and some were so changed as to be stony, but all of them retain'd their ancient shape so well, that it was easie for any body, who remembred the Figures of the parts of those Animals, to conclude these Fossils must have come from the same Original.

One of these Fossils (of which I never remembred to have seen any before except a little piece with Mr. Petiver) I had the favour of the Doctor to carry home with me to compare with the Tongue of a Fish I had (675) observ'd in Jamaica; and on setting it and the Fossil together, and comparing them with another of the same Tongues in pieces which I saw in Mr. Charletons, most useful and admirable Collection of Natural Curiosities; we found a perfect agreement of the Tongue that was dug up in Mary-Land, and that taken from the Fish in our Collections.

It was the Opinion of some, that these Bones were the pieces of a petrified Mushrome, the Lamellæ of which this Fossil in some manner resembl'd; but to demonstrate what they were, I had leave of Mr. Charleton and Dr. Robinson, to shew them at a Meeting of the Royal Society, and to take their Figures that they might be grav'd, together with the whole Tongue I had my self. This is done in the Plate belonging to this Tranactionsaction: where

Fig. 1. Is the whole Tongue of a flat Fish akin to the Thornback, call'd Pastinaca Marina, &c. It is made up of many Bones (about Nineteen in this) which are each of them crooked, their two sides making an obtuse Angle, such as the sides of the under mandible of a Man does; the uppermost sides of these several Bones have Furrowes and peices standing together after the manner of the Teeth of a short small tooth'd Comb, the extant ends of which answer the like parts in the Bones of the upper Jaw of this Fish, between which and this Tongue the Food of this Fish is to be cut, torn, or ground to pieces. One instance of the many admirable contrivances of the Wise Creator, in providing all Creatures with Organs proper to their several necessities.

Fig. 2. Is the under side of the same divided into several pieces also, but having no Furrows or Teeth, as those of the upperside have.

(676)

Fig. 3, and 6. Shew the Joints or pieces of the same Tongue, separated and in several Positions of their upper and under Sides, to show the perfect Agreement is between the pieces of the Tongue of the Fish taken lately from it, and those taken out of the Earth, which are Figur'd in the like Positions at N° 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, & 12.

Fig. 13. & 14. Are the upper and under sides of what, I suppose, is the upper Mandible or Palate of this Fish, which is opposite to, or answers this Tongue: The agreement of this in all parts with the Tongue making it very likely to belong, if not to this same, yet to this kind of Fish.

Du Tertre in his Histoire Naturelle des Antilles p. 217. calls this Fish Autre sorte de Raye. Marcgrave, ed. 1648. p. 175. Piso. ib. Lib. 3. p. 58. & ed. 1658. Lib. 5. p. 293. as well as Mr. Willoughby and Ray, Hist. Pisc. p. 66. call it Nari-Nari, and give a further account of it. I shall also have occasion to speak more of this Fish in my Observations on the Fishes about the Island of Jamaica, of which this is one, and which I there call Pastinaca Marina, Lævis, livida, albis maculis notata.

I am apt to believe the Anonymus Portugal, whose description of Brasile is published in Purchas, Lib. 7. cap. 1. p. 1313. means this, when he says, there were Rayes, having in their Mouth 2 Bones breaking wilks with them.

A Part of one of the Joints of this Tongue was dug up in England, and given to Mr. Charleton, by Mr. Lhwid of Oxford, by the Name of Siliquastrum Subnigrum pectinatum maximum.

Dr. Robinson thinks the Fossil Palate or Mandible Fig. 13, and 14. may be of the same kind with that taken notice of by Lachmund, in his Book de Lapidibus, p. 17. where 'tis call'd Pentacrinos.

Formed STONES.

THEThe late Mr. Lhwyds curious Tract Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia (s)(s) Lond. 1699., being the most comprehensive of any Author within my Compass, I shall endeavour to reduce these to his Method, only he beginning with Chrystals and Diamonds, I shall premise the Margaritæ Cumbrenses. Some of these Pearls have as good a Water as the Oriental: Here are also three different Colours of those called the Sand-Pearls, which are as useful in Physick as the finest, though not so valuable for the Beauty. A double or Twin-Pearl of the finer Water; a Dozen of which were sent me by my Lord Bishop of Carlisle, who hath been a First-rate Benefactor to this Collection of Natural Curiosities above 20 Years ago. By the learned Sir Hen. Savile's Notes (t)(t) Tacitus's Life of Agricol., it appears, that Pliny run into the same Mistake as Tacitus, which is neither so agreeable to the Sentiments of Julius Cæsar, who was tempted by their Beauty (as Suetonious positively affirms) to invade Britain, and dedicated a Breast-plate all studded or cover'd over with British Pearls to Venus Genetrix, nor to the express Testimony of venerable Bede (u)(u) Bede's Eccles. Hist. Lib. I. C. I., who esteems them (as King Alfred renders it) the Old English?.

A transparent Onyx with Moss included in Part of it. Don. D. Jo. Boulter Arm.

Rock-Crystal, half a Foot round one Way, and within half an Inch of it, the other. It was brought me from Milan by Dr. Jabes Cay, who observed therein the Modus Concrescendi in the Middle, different from that of the out-side. Sometimes there remains a small Drop in the Middle of a transparent Peble that will never take the solid Form. Of the Iris or lesser Crystals, here are several Sorts, as those called Downham Diamonds, from the Place in Craven where they are found. s S ome are very small, others larger and very great, an Inch and half round; from Dr. Hargrave of Coln. The like Sort of Diamonds from Harrowgate Spaws near Knaresborough: They are found at the Mole-hills (near the Sulphur-well) after Rain; as are also those at Downham. Brindle-stones from the County of Kerry in Ireland, transparent and large, near two Inches in Circumference one way, and above 2 ½ the other. Two others of a pale Amethistine Colour. Don. D. M. Marshal, Dublin. The Iris minima Cambrensis from the Isle of Anglesey. Don. R R. D D. Episc. Carl. The Bristol Diamonds, of different Degrees of Transparency, and Sizes, of which one very much resembles that engraved Lh. Tab. I. 15. Pseudo-Adamantes from Kings-Weston in Gloucestershire: Other three Samples very fine from the same Place. Don. D. Jo. Woodward M. D. Some of these are very transparent. A Rock of the like, but more opace, about a Foot in Circumference; but from whence I know not, it being given to my Father about 40 Years ago. Crystalized Spar very curious from the Iron-ores in Cumberland from the Benefactor last mentioned, from whom I received most of the Spars that follow.

Spar from Worksop Lead Mines in the Peak. Another from a Mine called Burntwood; and a third with Chirt, from Oldfield; and also from the Queen of Scot's Pillar at Pool's Hole, all in Derbyshire. Spar from the Lord Lonesdale's Lead-Mines in Westmoreland. Another not unlike it from Alderman Iveson's Coal-Mines near Leedes. A Sparine Crustation from Okey-hole in Somersetshire. Another Sort out of a Quarry at Sherburn in Gloucestershire: Another crystalized from a Quarry near Oxford, and one very fine from Nent-head mines in Cumberland.

The common Stalagamites, one very curious, like Lh. Tab. I. 50. Another crystalized in the Form of a Rasp-berry. Other of a ruder Species, course like the Stone they adhere to. The Stalagamites mamillaris opacus: This I brought from the Petrifying or Dropping-well at Knaresborough; it is near a Foot long. The larger hollow Stalactites or Water-pipe (x)(x) Grew, p. 301., from the same Place; this hath three of those Pipes, each large enough to receive a Goose-Quill, and a transverse one that passeth horizontally. One of the Stalactites or Lapides Stillatitii, as Dr. Plot calls them, (y)(y) Nat. Hist. Oxon, p 96., that seems to have hung from the Top of a Vault, and is seven Inches round where it hath joined the Roof, yet has a small Hole quite thro' it; part of another, of a very fine Sparine Substance, but hath no Hollow. The specifick Difference betwixt the Stalactites and the Spar is, that the former is always opacous and never angular. The latter always or usually perspicuous, and never round (z)(z) Grew, p. 306..

The Moon-stone or Selenites Rhomboidalis of Dr. Plot (a)(a) Oxon, Tab. II. Fig. I.; it generally consists of ten Planes, four long, as many short, and the two Sides: Here are six different Sizes from less than half an Inch to two Inches, sent me by the Reverend Mr. Cav. Nevile, Fellow of University Col. Oxon. And one larger than any from the Bishop of Carlisle, which hath also two smaller Selenitæ immersed about half Way in the Body of the large one. A Selenites that seems like the half one, split the long Way, so hath but six Planes. Others not so regular. One of the longer Sort and thinner: Others from a Clay Pit at Richmond in Surry, from Shotover Hill near Oxford, from Northamptonshire, found in Digging a Well at Oundle, and from the Worksop Mines, all five from Dr. Woodward's noble Musæum.

Talcum aureum Indiæ Occidentalis. Don. R R. D D. Episc. Carl. Besides this Gold Talk from the West-Indies, here is what I take to be a Sort of Silver English Talk, but know not the Place. Muscovy Glass.

Of the Asteriæ, or Star-stones.

HEREHere are most of those observed by the learned and accurate Dr. Lister, in this his Native Country, together with others from Westmoreland, Glocester, (Lassington-stones), and Northamptonshires. Mr. Moreton's third Sort called Peter-stones. Here are of the Litorales, as well as Arvenses, but the most of them from the Foot of the Yorkshire Woulds. The largest of them is scarce an Inch and half long, wherein are 17 Joints; but here are others with so very thin Joints that there are 16 of them in ¾ of an Inch. Some are very small, yet of five Rays, others an Inch and half in Circumference. The single Joints have sometimes the fairest Figures of the Stars, consisting of five Angles; the middle of each of which is a little hollowed, and the Edges more prominent and thick furrowed, by which the several Joints are knit together, the Ridges and Furrows being alternately let into one another; in the Center of the five Angles is a Hollow or Point. Of these, piled one upon another, are made pentagonous cylindrical Columns. Dr. Plot says, to the Number of 15, in which Number yet he wants 7, that is, he found none of 5 Joints, nor of 7, 9, 11, 12, 13 or 14 (e)(e) Plot's Oxon, p. 86.. But I have a distinct Column of every Number, from the single Joint to 18; and in them most of the Sorts so accurately described by Dr. Lister (f)(f) Phil. Trans. N° 112., except with the Wires adhering; but here are of the Wires, though broken off, both in single Joints, and longer Pieces, which are very small, slender, and of a round Figure, being set together not by indented Suture, but per harmoniam (g)(g) Idem, p. 277., like the Antennæ of Lobsters. Others smooth from the Shore of Hull. Most, if not all of these Columns, are visibly bent and inclining. The Angles of some of them are more obtuse, of others more acute, and consequently deeper chanell'd, than where the Angles are blunt and round. Here is also a third Sort that is very rare, which have five flat Sides without any Indentings in the Form of a Star. Some of both Sorts have a small Pin-hole in the middle of each Joint, betwixt Angle and Angle. Others the more rarely have a Knot, or Joint of Wires remaining at some of the Holes. Some again have each other Joint more protuberant, or standing further out than the intermediate ones. The Asteriæ are of different Colours acording to the Matter they are found lodged in, as white, brown, blewish and ash-coloured. A ferruginous Body that seems to be Lh's. Siphunculus cylindracius ferruginosus, N° 1212, from Welsale in Staffordshire. A much less from the Shore of Hull.

Ichthyodontes Cuspidati, or Glossopetræ of different Sizes, from a Quarter of an Inch, to an Inch and half, both of the smooth and serrated, and of several Colours, viz. white, yellow, sad Colour, blewish and black, the larger Sort filled with rough Stone of their different Colours, though the Teeth themselves be smooth, bright, and shining. One of that Sort called Ornithoglossum, from its Likeness to the Magpies Tongue, Lh. 1266. All from my Lord Bishop of Carlisle. The Plectronites, so called from its resemblance to a Cock-spur adhering to Chalk; see the Figure Phil. Trans. N° 200. Fig. 13. sent me by Roger Gale Esq;. As also Glossopetræ from the Isle of Malta, where they are called Serpents-Tongues, though they are in Reality Sharks-Teeth. Another sort of Fossil Teeth are the Scutellati or Grinders, commonly called Bufonitæ; of these here are all the three Sorts, from the said Benefactors, viz. Orbiculati, Umbonati, and Scaphoides; some of the two former Sorts are filled with Stone, but the Name of the last shews it to be hollow; and in Figure somewhat resembling a little Boat of that, with one End narrower than another: See Fig. 12. in the said Trans. These Bufonitæ are of various Colours, a brighter and deeper brown, blewish and dark black, all bright and shining; one hath an Areola upon the Convex Side, surrounded with Rays. Another sort from Malta, called the Vipers Eye; the Gift of Seignior Altchribell; the black Speck in the middle, which is very protuberant, is surrounded with a Circle of pale Yellow, and that with another of blewish White; the rest of the Stone is black; these are frequently set in Rings. The same Italian Gent. gave me another Stone, which he brought from the Red Sea, and is said to be a Fish's Eye; it is a Kind of Pisolythus, the Humours of the Eye, with the Tunica Uvea, and the Iris, are not ill-represented (h)(h) Grew's Mus. Reg. p 258.. Hither also may be referred the Oculi Cancrorum, a crustaceous Stone, said to be taken out of Crab's Eyes; of these I have both the blewish and white, of a less and larger Sort, better than 1 ½ Inch round, which Mrs. Sus. Maddox brought me from Prussia.

Mr. Lhywd next to the Bufonitæ placeth the Siliquastrum Phaseolatum, so called because it resembles the Pod of a Bean or Pulse; the Surface is black and shining, the lower Side, where it should join the other Valve is a white Stone; it is the first Fig. in Phil. Trans. N° 200. His second is a broader Species, which he Names Siliquastrum lupinatum the inner Part of this is a reddish Stone. Some here are different only in Colour, brown or black, others in Form, being more Gibbose. Here are also the smallest Sort: Most of them sent me by my grand Benefactor, my Lord Bishop of Carlisle. To these Siliquastra, or rather (to use the local Word) single Swads, being but one Valve, may fitly be added the entire Beans; one of these (Don. Jab. Cay M. D.) both in Form and Colour resembles the great Garden Red Bean; the other is lesser, and dark coloured, but both of them; as many of the finer Pebles, are a sort of Touchstone. A third represents a compress'd Bean, and is of a bright brown Colour. The said ingenious Physician sent along with it, the Triorchis, or Stone resembling Three Nuts. To which may be added another in the Form of a Nutmeg, and which is most curious, one from the East-Indies that doth so naturally represent Half a Nutmeg, as well on the Inside, as without, that many Persons will not be persuaded by their Eyes, that it is otherwise, till their Taste convince them of their Infidelity. Don. D. Tho. Wilson Merc. Dublin. A Stone very like a Gall for making writing Ink, and another to half a Ball of Gascoigne Powder.

But to return to Mr. Lhwyd's Method, from whence these Resemblances of Fruits have made me swerve. Ichthyospondylus clepsydratus, one of white Stone resembling a Joint of the Back-bone of a Fish. Another, that by the Colour may be called Anthracinus, but from the Form is called the Fairy-hower-glass. Don. R R. D D. Episc. Carleol. A blewish Stone with the Spine and Ribs of a Fish perfectly impress'd upon it: Twas found in a River in Craven, and sent me by Major Dawson. Another of white ruble Stone from Stowel in Glocestershire. These are both hollow like a Mold, but here is one that is very rare, being protuberant, and having the very Bones themselves, eleven on either Side. The Spina dorsalis very curious, little more than an Inch long. I know not where else to place what relates to the Members of other Animals, and some to the Parts of Humane Bodies. Of which one hath the fancied Resemblance of a (deformed) Face, with a Cavity on each Side for the Ears; it is a blewish Stone: Another of a bright shining Yellow, doth better correspond with that of a Kidney; and a third of a white Stone, with the Testicles; given me by Dr. Plot, who calls them Orchites or Lapides Testiculares (i)(i) Nat. Hist. Oxon. pag. 127.. In the same Table VII. Fig. 8. he represents a Sort of Toad-stone quite different from the Bufonites before-mentioned, being a reddish Liver-coloured real Stone, convex above, and concave below: This here is 2 ½ Inches round, and of the dark Red. Another of a yellow Colour from the River Tees.

The Belemnitæ are the last Classis in Mr. Lhwyd's Lithophylacii Britannici Ichnographia: Here are of different Sizes and Colours, from little more than ½ Inch to to to 4 ½ in Length. Dr. Plot's of that Dimension was but 1 ¼ round, but this is 2 ½; yet but a Fragment (nor was that of Dr. Lister's any other) (k)(k) De Lapid. pag. 226. of the Yorkeshire Belemnites maximus niger. An entire one of the same Dimensions from the Hedington Quary Com. Oxon; it is hollow for 1 ½ Inch at the Base; it enclines to a Yellow, and when vehemently rubb'd takes up a Straw like Amber, which the black one will not do, though as large. Don. D. Rog. Gale Arm. A lesser from Cricklade Hill Com. Gloc. radiated like a Star from a closer Center. Another from Croydon Chalk-Pits in Surrey. Don. D. Jo Woodward M. D. One that in three Inches Length is not much thicker than a Goose Quill; and another that in less than one Inch in Length is very near two in Circumference. The Medulla in one of the hollowed Belemnites consists of a white Sort of Selenites or Spar. The Generality of these Thunderbolts, as the Vulgar call them, are of a Conical Figure, from a thick Basis tapering to a Point: But amongst some sent me by my Lord Bishop of Carlisle, there is one Cylindrical, or equally thick from End to End; and another that is thickest in the Middle, and gradually slenderer to both Ends: The former of these hath the Rima or Chink, the whole Length, which the second hath only at the Basis; and another at the small Point, but the Generality want it. As to Colour, here are the black, whitish, ash-coloured, reddish, brown and Amber-coloured.

Dr. Grew, amongst the Regular Stones in the Musæum of the Royal Society, reckons also the Lapis Amianthus, and the Hæmatites. Of the former of these, called also Asbestinus, and the Thrumstone was made the incombustible Cloth; it consists of glossy, parallel, fine Threads. It was anciently spun and woven into Sheets, wherein the Bodies of the Emperors were wrapped, to keep the Ashes entire from those of the Funeral Pile. The Art is of late revived, and a Specimen of the Cloth presented to the Royal Society, who made the Experiment; and instead of being consumed in the Fire, it came out entire and more refined. There is lately found of this Stone both in Scotland and Wales, of which an incombustible Paper was made at Oxford (a)(a) Phil. Trans. N° 172.. Don. Hans Sloane M D. The Hæmatites or Blood-stone: Dr. Lister affirms the English to be as good, if not better, than that brought from the East-Indies. Another which seems to be the Hæmatites, that admits a good Polish.

AUTOGRAPHS.

This reminds me of another Branch of the Curiosities that I begun to collect of late Years, viz. Original Letters, and other Matters of the proper Hand Writing of Persons of all Ranks, eminent in their Generations. It begins with the Kings of England, and contains the Signs Manual of K. Hen. 5, Hen. 6, Edw. 4, Rich. 3, and Hen. 7. K. Henry the 8th, Queen Katharine Par's Letter to the Admiral, K. Edw. the 6th's to the said Queen; the entire Letter of his own Writing, so one of his Sister the Lady Elizabeth's, both delicately writ: Qu. Elizabeth's Original Instructions for the Lord Evre, Warden of the middle Marshes. Mary Queen of Scots, when Prisoner in Yorkeshire; K. James the 6th of Scotland, the same when King of England; his Daughter Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia: K. Charles the Ist's Letter to the said Queen; the Commeatus for Sir John Burrough, Garter: K. Charles II. when in Exile (to the Provost of Edinburgh); and after his Restoration: His Order for erecting a Monument in Westminster-Abbey for K. Edw. 5, and his Brother, whose murdered Corps were then discovered at the Tower. Prince Rupert, James Duke of Yorke, the same when King of England; William-Henry Prince of Orange, King Will. 3. Qu. Mary 2. and her present Majesty Qu. Anne, whom God long preserve; Prince George, Duke of Glocester, and Princess Sophia, to the Bishop of Sarum.

Autographs of the Nobility, in the several Reigns, with the Titles of Ailesbury, St. Alban, Albemarle, Anglesey, Antrim, Ardglass, Arlington, Arundell, Ashburnham, Ashley, and Audley; Baltimore, Bath, Beaufort, Belasyse, Benet, Berkley, Bindon, Bolton, Bridgwater, Bristol, Broghil, Brook, Bruce, Brudenell, Buckehurst, Buckingham, Burleigh, Burlington, and Butler; Cardigan, Carlisle, Carmarthen, Castle-Island, Cavendish, Chaworth, Chesterfield, Chichester, Clancartie, Clare, Clarendon, Clifforde, Clinton, Cobham, Coleraine, Coningsby, Conway, Corke, Cornwallis, Cottington, Coventrye, Cowper, Craven, Culpeper and Cumberland; Danby, Danvers, D'arcye, Denbeigh, Denny, Derby, Devonshire, Dorchester, Dorset, Dover, Downe, Dunbar and Dungarvon; Egglingtoun, Elgin, Ellesmere, Essex, Evre, and Exeter; Fairfax, Falkland, Fauconberg, Feversham, and Frecheville; Gallway, Gerard, Godolphin, Gower, Granard, Grandisone, Grevile, and Guernsey; Hallifax, Hamilton, Hartford, Hartington, Hawley, Herbert, Holdernesse, Holland, Hollis, Howard, Hunsdon, Huntington, Huntingtour, and Hyde; Jermyn, Jhonston and Irwin; Kelley, Kent, Kildare, Kilulta, and Kingston; Langdale, Lauderdale, Leedes, Leinster, Lenox, Leven, Levenstein, Leyce ster, Lexington, Loftus, Lonsdale, Loudonn, Lucas, Lyone, and Lyncolne; Maccklesfield, Manchester, Mansfield, Mar, Marlborough, Earl Marshals of England and Scotland, Masserene Maynard, Melfort, Melros, Middlesex, Middleton, Montague, Montgomery, Mordant, and Mulgrave; Newcastle, Newport, Norfolke, North, Northumberland, and Nottingham; Oliphant, Ormonde, Ossory, and Oxford; Paulet, Pembroke, Perth, Peterborough, Pierrepont, Plymouth, Portland, Preston, and Purbeck; Queensberry; Richmond, Rivers, Roxborough, Russel, and Rutland; Salisbury, Sandwich, Savils, Say and Seal, Scarborough, Schonberg, Seafield, Shaftesbury, Sheffield, Shrewsbury, Somers, Somerset, Southampton, Spencer, Stamford, Sterlin, Strafforde, Strange, Suffolk, Sunderland, Surrey, and Sussex; Thanet, Thomond, and Totness; Vere, and Verulam; Warrington, Warwick, Wemys, Wentworth, Wharton, Widdrington, Willoughby, Winchester, and Worcester. Here are some subscribed by the Lords of the Privy-Councel at Whitehall; Lord-President, and Council at Yorke; and Lord-Deputy and Council at Dublin: From Q. Elizabeth's Time to the last Day of King James, when the Warrant could not be executed. Papers subscribed by the Commissioners of both Kingdoms in the late Wars. Oliver Cromwel's Instructions to the Lord Fauconberg, when sent Ambassador to the French King: Richard's Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford. These several Governments set up in that memorable Year of Confusion, before the happy Restoration of the Royal Family: 1. Richard's Protectorship; an Instrument subscribed by Hen. Laurence, President 22 Apr. 59, in the Name of his Highness, and the Council: 2. The Committee of Safety, dated at Wallingford House, 10 May, subscribed by Vane, Lambert, Ludlowe, &c. 3. Council of State; B. Whitelocke PresisidentPresident; upon the New Great Seal round the Cross and Harp is inscribed, The Seale of the Council of State appointed by Author. of Parl. 4. A Committee of Officers, Ten in Number, Disbroue, &c. 22 Oct. Whitehall. 5. A New Council, Oct. 29. agreed to be stiled, The Committee of Safety. 6. Fleetwood from Wallingford House, 3 Nov. he was named with others, 1 Nov. to consider of a Form of Government. 7. The New Council of State, 10 Jan. (the Act to constitute it had pass'd, 2 Jan.) James Harington President: Others by Nic. Love, and Hen. Neville Presidents. 8. A Letter from Whitehall, subscribed by General Monk, and the other Officers, 21 Febr. the very Day the Secluded Members were restored. 9. Commissioners from the Council-Members of the Healing Parliament, that brought in the King, subscribed by Annesly, Fairfax, Monk, Harley, Pierrepont, Ant. Ashley Cooper, Waller, Widdrinton, &c. Letters of the Lord Fairfax about the Meeting at Yorke; Order of the then Council to prevent it: Many Letters of Monk's: Orders to disarm the disaffected Persons: Original Instructions, &c.

Of the Bishops before the Reformation, here is only Fisher, of Rochester, and of the Roman Church since, Cardinal Howard, and Bishop Leyburn. But of the Protestants (at the Reformation, and after) Archbishop Cranmer the Martyr; and four Parchments containing the Subscriptions of Archbishop Parker, (of which his Mem. p. 62.) and most of the first Sett of Qu. Elizabeth's Bishops, when they took the Oath of Supremacy. These, and their Successors, are digested Alphabetically; Abbot, Atterbury; Barckley, Barlow, Bentham, Best, Beveridge, Boyle, Bramhall, Brideoake, Bridgeman, Bullingham, Burnet; Compton, Cosins, Cox, Cumberland; Davyes, Dolben, Doping; Fell, Fleetwood, Fowler; Gardiner, Geste, Goodman, Grindall, Guning; Hacket, Hall, Harsnet, Hartstong, Hooper, Hopkins, Hough, Humfreys, Huntington, Hutton; Jewel, Jones, Juxon; Ken, Kidder, King; Lake, Lamplugh, Laud, Leighton, Lloyd, Loftus; Margetson, Marsh, Matthewes, Merrick, Mewe, More, Morley, Morton, Montague; Neile, Nicolson; Palliser, Parker, Parkurst, Patrick, Pearson, Pilkington; Rainbow, Ravis, Reynolds, Robinson; Sandys, Scory, Sharp, Sheldon, Smalridge, Sprat, Stern, Stillingfleet, Stratford; Taylor, Tenison, Thornbrough, Tillotson, Turner; Usher; Wake, Walker, Walton, Watson, Wettenhall, White, Whitgift, Wickham, Wilkins, Williams, Wilson, Worth; Young.

Before we leave the House of Lords, the Judges and Barons are to be mentioned; to whom are added some of the Lord Chancellors, Keepers, and Deputies of Ireland; Allibon, Atkyns; Bacon, Blencowe, Bridgeman; Coke, Cox; Davenport, Dolben; Egerton, Eustace; Fitz-Williams; Glynn, Gregory; Hale, Hatton, Holloway, Holt, Hutton, Hyde; Keble; Jefferys, Jenner; Lisle, Littleton, Loftus, Lutwyche; Nevil, North; Parker, Parsons, Pemberton, Perrot, Popham, Porter, Powel, Powys, Puckering, Pyne; Raynsford, Rokeby; Savile, Scroggs, Smyth; Thorp, Treby, Trevor, Turner, Turton, Twisden; Ventris; Walcot, Ward, Whitlock, Wright, Wylde, and Yelverton.

Of private Persons, the oldest is Sir Henry Wentworth to Sir W. Calverley upon the Landing of Perkyn Warbeck 1497. Garter Wrythesley concerning the Funeral of Qu. Elizabeth, Wife to Hen. 7. Mr. Tho. Perkyn concerning Muskelborough Castle. The following Names are taken out of a vast Number of the Clergy and Laity, as more eminent for Learning, Benefactions, or military Atchievements, &c.

Allestree, Alsop, Ambrose, Ames, Angier, Annesley, Ashe, Ascham, Ashmole; Barnes, Bates, Baxter, Beaumont, Bentley, Bernard, Blackmore, Bladen, Bodley, Bolton, Bonnel, Boswel, Bowles, Boyle, Bromley, Buchanan, Burket, Busby; Calamy, Camden, Cartwright, Castel, Cave, Cawton, Chadderton, Chamberlayn, Chancy, Charlotte, Charnock, Chetwynd, Chillingworth, Clarges, Clark, Clarkson, Collings, Collier, Dodsworth, Dodwell, Doolittle, Dorrington, Drake, (Sir Francis), Dryden, Dugdale, Duport; Edwards, Ent, Evelyn, Elstob; Fairfax, Firmin, Flaherly, Flamsted, Flemming, Floyer, Fox, Frankland; Gale, Du Gard, Gascoigne, Gibson, Gilpin, Glisson, Godolphin, Goodall, Goodwin, Gouge, Gower, Gumble, Gurnall; Halley, Hammond, Hampden, Harley, Harrison, Henry, Herbert, Herne, Heywood, Hickes, Hickman, Hickeringil, Higden, Hill, Hildersham, Hobbes, Hody, Holder, Hook, Hooker, Hopkinson, Howe, Hudson, Humfreys, Hyde; Jacomb, James, Jenkins, Jenkyn, Johnson (Ben.), Johnston; Keith, Kennet, Kettlewell, King, Kirke, Knox (Capt.), Kymberley; Lambarde, Langbain, Lenthall, Le-Neve, Le-strange, Lesley, Lewys, Lightfoot, Linacre, Lister, Littleton, Lhoyd (Hum. and Edw.), Loggan, Lower; Mack-Martin, Madox, Manton, Marshall, Marsham, Marvel, Mather, Matthewes, Mead, Micklethwait, Midgeley, Mildmay, Milner, Molesworth, Molyneux, More, Morice, Morisone, Morgan, Morland, Morton, Morris, Mountague; Nalson, Nalton, Nelson, Newcome, Newcomen, Nowel (Alex. and Laur.), Nye; Ogle, Oley, Olliffe, Otteley, Owen; Pearse, Pearson, Penn, Penton, Pepys, Peters, Petiver, Petyt, Plot, Pococoke, Pool, Potter, Preston, Prideaux, Primrose, Pryor, Purcell, Pymm; Radcliffe, Ralegh (Sir Walter), Randolph, Raye, Rawdon, Rosewell, Rogers, Rule, Rushworth, Russel (Admiral), Rycaut, Rymer; Sacheverell, Sampson, Savile, Scobell, Sedgewick, Selden, Sharp, Sherburn, Sherlock, Shepard, Shovel (Sir Cloudesley), Shower, Sibbald, Sidney (Sir Phil.), Simpson, Skelton, Sloane, Smith, South, Southwell, Spragge, Spelman, Steel, Stephens, Stretton, Strype, Suckling, Sutherland, Swinburn; Talbot, Tallents, Tanner, Temple, Thursby, Thwaits, Todd, Towneley, Travers, Tuckney, Twisse, Tyndal, Tyson; Vernon, Vicars, Vincent, Vyner; Wales, Walker, Waller, Wallis, Walsingham, Wanley, Ware, Washington, Watson, Webster, Wentworth, Welwood, Wharton, Wheatley, Wheeler, Whiston, Whitacre, Whitby, Whitchcote, Whitlock, Whyte, Widdrington, Wild, Williams, Williamson, Wittie, Wolseley, Woodcock, Woodward, Worthington, Wortley, Wotton, and Wren.

Of the Kings, Princes, and learned Men of other Nations, here are of Henry the Great, King of France, when King of Navarre. Lovis 13. to Charles, Prince of Great Britain: Another to the Prince of Condé from the Camp before Rochelle 1628. Lewis 14. a mon frere le Duc de York; the whole Letter writ by the King's own Hand; Marie Terese, Queen of France to the same. Christian 5, King of Denmark. Fred. Henry Prince, and Amelie Princess, of Orange (Grand-Father and Grand-Mother to K. Will.) Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, and her Daughter the Princess Sophia, to John Chamberlayne Esq;. Jean Gullieaum Electeur Palatine, and Anna Electrice Palatina, to Robert Nelson Esq;. Also the Bishop of Meaux's noted Letter to the said learned and pious Gentleman. Le Prince Seneschal de Ligne, to Sir Andr. Fountaine. Part of the King of Bantam's Letter to K. Ch. 2. Hamel Cardanash, Ambassador from the Emperor of Morocco (in Arabick.) The most noted of the rest follow Alphabetically.

Alexander (Jo. the converted Jew). Allix. Ahneloreen. Amman. Baluzius. Barberine (Cardinal). Benzelius, Librarian to the King of Sweden. Berkelius. Beverland. Bignon. Boherellus. Boivin. Boln. Boucher. Buxtorfius. Camelus. Cappellus (Lud. & Jac.) Chardin. Chevreuse. Colbert. Creqny. Le Clerc. Dallæus. Daubuz. Elsevier. St. Evremond. Fabricius. Ficoroni. Golius. Gomaius. Grabius. Grævius. Gronovius. Gruterus. Haak. Hartman. du Hamel. Heinsius. van Helmont. Herman. Heysigius. Huetius (Episcopus Abrincensis). Hornius. The Hungarian Exiles. Jablonski. Jessenetus. Justel. Kneller (Sir Godfrey). Kusterus. Leibniz. Lequien. Longinus. Luther. Mabillon. Magliabechi, Libr. to the Duke of Florence. Melanchton. Menckenius. Mercurianus (Soc. Jesu Præpos. Gen. 1574). Merian. (Maria Sibille). Montaubon. Morell. Muratt. Olearius. Passionæus. Pastores, Seniores & Deputati Ecclesiarium Evangelicarum convallium Pedemontanarum. Perizonius. Picques. Pluscho. (the Danish Missionary). Polanus Prisius. Ræmund. Ravolsus. Relandus. Rivet. Rivinus. Rostgaard (Librarian to the King of Denmark). Rudbeck. Ruinurst. Rulæris. Ruysh (Pater & Filius). Saravia. (Hadr.) Sarrave. Scaliger. Scheuchfer. Scklogelius. Sector. Seraphim (a Græcian Bishop). Simonides. Screvelius. Sibrand. Sladius. Spanhemius (Fred. & Ezec.) Spon. Symon. Taylard. Tollius. Tournefort. Triglandius. Valkenier, Verwey. Vigani. Villara. Vossius. Westenius. Witsen. Wulserus. Zacagnius, Keeper of the Vatican Library, and Ziegenbalgh, the Malabarian Apostle

Gratitude to my Benefactors obligeth me to acknowledge to whose Kindess I am obliged for some of the most valuable of the said Originals, viz. to the most Rev. his Grace the late Lord Archbishop of Yorke, the Right Reverend Bishops of Sarum, Carlisle, and Man; the Rev. Mr. Atkinson, Banks, Boyse, Calamy, Chorley, Clarke, Coningham, Cooke, Cressey; Daubuz, Deering, Drake, Dwyer; Fall; Gale (Dean of Yorke, to whom, and to Dr. Hudson the greatest Number of the Learned Foreigners are directed) Gibson; Hardy, Hickes, Hill, Hough, Hudson, Humfrey; Milner; Nalson, Noble; Pearson, Plaxton, Priestley; Smith, Stretton, Strype (for some very valuable temp. Reg. Eliz.) Talbot, Tallents; Wasse, and Wilkinson. And of the Laity, Mr. Bayns, Blythman, Brenand, Sir Walter Calverley, John Chamberlayn Esq; Mr. Churchill; Rob. Dale, Jo. Dyneley, and John Evelyn Esquires, the Executors of the Lord Evers; Tho. Lord Fairfax, Barwick, Tho. Robert, and Bryan Fairfax Esqrs; Roger Gale, and Will. Gilpin Esqrs; Sir Andr. Fountaine; Jo. Hare, and Rob. Hitch Esqrs; Mr. Holmes, and Houghton; Tho. Kirk Esq; Dr. Lister, Mr. Lhwyd, Sir Will. Lowther, Sir John Middleton, Robert Molesworth Esq; Robert Nelson Esq; Peter le Neve Esq; Norroy; Hen. Newman Esq; the Right Honourable Sir Tho. Parker, Lord Chief-Justice; Will. Petyt Esq; Mr. Petiver, Dr. Richardson, Tho. Rymer Esq; Dr. Sampson, Theo. Shelton Esq; Sir Phil. Sydenham, Robert Stephens Esq; the Hon. Mr. Wentworth; Sir Geo. Wheeler, and Dr. Woodward.

Ancient WRITINGS.

To the Autographs before mentioned may fitly be added two Manuscripts, viz. the Album of Lambroc. Thomas, Cambro Britanus, An. 1636, which I purchased of his Countryman: As also the other of an Hungarian, entitled, Viridarium nominibus Illustrium ac clarissimorum, Virorum, concinnatum a Paulo P. Jahz-Berenii Ung. (1657.) adorned with the Names of many learned Professors, Alting, Arnoldus, Boxhornius, Cocceius, Commenius, Diemerbroech, l'Empereur, Eyssonius, Frencellius, Fullenius, Heinsius, Heerebord, Heurnius, Junius, (Fran. F. N.) Moll, Pasor, Polyander, Pynaiker (exlegatus Africanus), Voetius (pater & filius), Vorstius, Vossius (Ger. Jo.), Winsenius. And of our own Nation Basire, Cawton, Conant, Cromleholm, Hurst, Pocock, Owen, Reynolds, Seaman, Wallis, Wilkinson.

In the Original Bead-roll of Roger Norreis, Abbot of Lilleshull temp. Ed. 3. (Don. Rev. Geo. Plaxton Rectoris de Berwic in Elmet) may be seen a great Variety of Hands, writ in the same Age, there being in a large Parchment Scroll, the distinct Titulus of above 180 Religious Houses; some curiously engross'd, others so miserably writ, as to be scarce legible; but all agree in Writing Dompnum for Dominum, as some ancient Authors insert p in sumpsit.

Other Manuscript Rolls. Chronicon Regum hujus Insulæ cum eorum gestis notatu dignioribus ab adventu Bruti usq; ad conquestum ducis Normanniæ. It is a large Scroll, above 30 Foot long.

Stemma Regalis Augustissimi Monarchæ Jacobi Magn. Brit. Fran. & Hib. Regis, &c. it is curiously delineated upon Parchment from Malcolme, and St. Margaret, to Prince Henry 1604. Don. D. Jo. Boulter Arm. Pedigree of Brooke Baron of Cobham. The Original Subsidy for the Wapentake of Skyrake granted to K. Hen. 8. An. 1549. subscribed by John Gascoigne Esq; &c. Commissioners. Don. D. Cyr. Arthington Arm. The third Subsidy to K. Ja. I. for the said Wapentake, subscribed by Sir Tho. Fairfax, and Sir Hen. Goodricke Knts. 1605. A List of the Lord Mayors of Yorke (and short Historical Notes) from 1488 to 1588; all upon Parchment.

A long Scroll in the Sclavonian Character. Don. D. Sam. Ibbetson Merc. Leod.

A Manuscript in the Turkish Language Character and Paper, said to contain an Account of the Siege of Buda, 'till the 2d of Sept. 1686, when it was taken by the Christians. The Present of Tho. Grimstone Esq; whose Kinsman brought it from that Siege.

Letters Patents for creating Sir John Saville Knt. (the first Alderman of Leedes) Baron Savile of Pontefract. Instructions to (his Son) Tho. Viscount Savile Baron of Pontefract and Castlebarr, Lord-President of his Majesty's Conncil at Yorke. A Patent for Arms and Crest grantest to Marm. Cooke D. D. Vicar of Leedes, and Prebendary of Yorke, and his Brother Will. Cooke L. L. D. subscribed by Sir Will. Dugdale Garter, and Sir Tho. St. George Norroy. Diploma's for Degrees under the University's Seal. Other Instruments under the Hands and Episcopal Seals, of Edwyn Sandys, and Matt. Hutton, Archbishops of Yorke, Ben. Laney Bishop of Ely. Burgess-Bills under the Seals of the City of Sanct-Androis: The Burghs of Kirkealdie and Cupar, for the Hon. Colonel Charles Fairfax. (Don. Tho. Fairfax Arm.) That of Crail for Capt. Johne Heatfield, the zeir of God ane thousand ses hundreth fifty four Zeires; all in Scotland. And in Ireland, the City of Kilkenie for Sir Hen. Piers Bart. whose Present it was. A Diploma under the Seal of the Royal Company of Archers in Scotland, upon Admission of Mr. James Kitchingman, Alderman of Liege (Leedes.) Don. ejusdem Alderm.

These should have been preceded by certain ancient Deeds of Gift of Lands, &c. to Kirkstall-Abbey, but that they are to be exemplified according to the respective Dates &c. if it please God to spare Life to proceed to the Historical Part. Here are also several relating to other Religious Houses that shall readily be communicated to any Gentleman that will please to oblige the World with another Volume of the Monasticon Anglicanum: As to the Abbot and Convent at Rivaulx. St. Mary's, and Convent at Malton; the Hospital of St. Peter at Yorke; the Prioress and Nuns of St. Clements; St. Mary Magdalen, and Monks at Bretton; St. John's at Pontfract, and Monks there; St. Mary's at Boulton, and Canons there. The Prioress of Thikheved. The Nuns of St. Marys at Siningthwait, to the Canons of the Premonstratensian Order of St. Mary's at Nebo; to the Prior and Convent at Drax; to the Churches of St. Cudbert at Martun, and All-Saints at Haxey. Conventio facta inter ecclesias de Kirkstall & Stæ Trinitatis Ebor.

Others from Ant. Beck Bishop of Durham, and Patriarch of Jerusalem; from the Prior of St. John's of Jerusalem, with the Seal of the House, An. 1300. The Abbot of Peterborough. The Priors of St. Nicholas of Drax. (The Present of Rich. Wynn Esq; Serjeant at Law), and St. Oswald of the Nostell, (NoꞅꞆle, corona, capital:) The Abbot of Derley: Minister of St. Roberts juxta Knaresburgh; the Prioress of Wallyng-Wellez, all with the Seals of the respective Houses; and this last also attested by Will. Foxholes, both Papal and Imperial Notary. Others also from Hen. Bowet Archbishop of Yorke, and the Pope's Legate. Martin Colyns L. L. D. and Treasurer of that Cathedral; and William Chaplain of St. Mary's at Leedes, which are also with Seals appendant.

Conventio inter Abbat. de Lillishull & Edelinam filiam Durandi sacerdotis. (Don. Rev. Geo. Plaxton.) The like betwixt R. Fauconberg, and the Prioress at Apultun. Other Writings from Dam An Goldsmyth Prioresse of the Monastery of our Lade in the Park of Carlton near Wallyng-Welles. Sir Tho. Newport Knt. Preceptor of Newland. Rob. Hallowe Prior of St. Trinity's, Yorke; and one very curiously illuminated and gilt, from John Prior Donius Salutationis matris Dei ordinis Cartusiens. prope London; but the Seals of these are wanting.

A Dispensation from Rome, An. 1402, for Tho. Hyppon and his Wife, to chuse a fit Confessor. (Don. D. Geo. Hippon.) A Grant of the Suffrages of the Prior of Mount-Grace to John Hodghsone, his Parents, &c. An. 1520. Indulgences from Will. Sutton miles, magister de Burton ordinis militie S. Lazari Jer. From Rob. Prior Ordin. beate Marie genetricis Dei de monte Carmeli in provincia Anglie: From Will. Thornburgh L. L. D. &c. This last is printed upon Parchment, An. 1504, (save the Name of the Purchaser Tho. Hammond) and concludes, Absolvo te ab omnibus penis Purgatorii que & tibi in purgatario debentur propter culpas & offensas contra deum commisisti, & te restituo illi innocentie in qua eras tempore quo baptizatus fuisti. In nomine Patris & Filii & Spiritus Sancti. Amen. Donum Rev. Marm. Fothergill.

The Original Charters of Edward I. King of England, to William de Vescy; and of John King of Scotland to John de Insula, under the Great Seals of their respective Kingdoms. Letters Patents of K. Rich. 2. K. Henry 8. with this additional Inscription upon the Seal, In terris Supremi Capitis Ecclesie Anglicane; which Title was also recognized by the Clergy, as appeareth by an Indenture of Rob. Prior of Nostell. Queen Elizabth's with the Great Seal of England; and another with that of the Dutchy of Lancaster. K. James I. and his Consort Queen Anne. K. Charles I. and II. Only those of K. Rich. 2. and Jac. I. have lost the Seals. Of the Royal Family, here are Charters of Edm. Earl of Lancaster (second Son of K. Hen. 3.) and John, Constable of England, and Regent of France (third Son of K. Hen. 4.) Of the ancient Nobility, Alice Lascy's (Lacy) Confirmation of Aberford Mills, the Original of that mentioned by Dr. Kennet (Par. Ant. p. 280.) sealed with three Garbs, An. 1274. Johan de Warenne Counte de Surr. a toutes, &c. de la vile de Wakefeud, 7 Ed. I. The Arms Checkie.

It would be too tedious to recite those of private Gentlemen with their Arms in the succeeding Reigns, and the Diversity of Tenures; as reddendo mihi & heredibus unum par. albarum cirotecarum pretio unius oboli. libram cumine. libram piperis. ad vestimenta & necessaria convenienda. Some are prohibited (I presume before the general Restraint by the Statute of Mortmain, 7 Ed. I.) from giving or selling viris religiosis & Judeis. Many Grants are made libera (or pura) viduitate, & legitima potestate, and some pura Virginitate: Here are also some for the Custody, Wardship, and Marriage of Heirs: Others for the downright Sale of their Natives and Servants, cum sequelis & catallis. The last of the former Sort is the Letters Patent, 4 Car. I. for Oliffe Sole-Daughter and Heir of Jo. Dyneley Esq; (Don. Tho. Rymer Arm.) A Patent for Free-Warren, 7 Jac. I.

Les noms des qui meureront en la batail a Agincourt l'an mile ccccxv. Ancient and memorable Wills, and Inventories, particularly Testamentum Will. Bround. de Newport; sent me by the Rev. Mr. Plaxton, with the Writ de Thelonio non solvendo, which himself sued out of the High-Court of Chancery, and is a Privilege belonging to all Clergymen by the Laws of England. Letter of Administration from the Steward of the Manor of Leedes. Copies of Court-Rolls, when the Right Honourable Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury, Will. Earl of Pembroke, and Sir Tho. Savile (afterwards Earl of Sussex) were High -Stewards of the said Manor: Others relating to the Manor of Leedes-Kirkgate, when belonging to Trinity's at Yorke; Rob. Halows and Fran. Speight Priors.

A Deed of Gift of Lands to the Church at Haxey. (Don. Jac. Torr Arm.) with all the Essentails of a Deed, in less than eight Lines, and those scarce half as many Inches in Length, and not two in Breadth; Hæc fuit candida illius ætatis fides, & simplicitas, quæ pauculis lineis omnia fidei firmamenta posuerunt. The Date of Deeds Antiquity often omited, faith Sir E. Coke, but they were commonly added in the Reigns of K. Edw. 2. and E. 3. and ever since (Inst. I. p. 6.) But in this Collection are several in the Reign of K. Edw. I. and some in Henry the 3d's, particularly one relating to Kirkstal-Abbey, An. 1239. In all these the Names of the Witnesses are entred in the Continent of the Deed, after the Words Hiis Testibus, writ with the same Hand that the Deed is: Of which here are several Instances in every Reign (except R. 3.) from Edw. I. to Hen. 8. inclusive. When a Deed required a Counter-part, it was engross'd twice in one Parchment, with a Space between, wherein the Word Chirograph, or part of the Alphabet, was writ in Capital Letters, and then either indented or cut directly through the midst of the Letters: Here are Instances of both. In some the Terms Forinseco servitio & fossato, (of which see Dr. Kennet's instructive Glossary) are expresly mentioned: Also the Word Gersuma, Earnest of a Bargain yet called in those Northern Parts Arls, from the Saxon Aꞃ æs, Brass or Copper, given in Hand to confirm the Contract.

To these more ancient Instruments may be added the more modern (though now also antiquated.) Attachments under the King's Signet by his Council in the North at Yorke. Privy-Seals for Loans temp. Jac. & Car. I. Bonds; Executions, and Writs in English, under the several Titular Administrations of the Keepers of the Liberties of England 1652. Oliver Lord-Protector of the Commonwealth of England 1657. A Fine in English, under the Great Seal of the said Keepers 1659: And English Writs in the Name, and after the Restoration of K. Charles II.

To the Roman Monuments before-mentioned (p. 159, &c.) may be added, another Sepulchral Monument, since procured from the same Place, whereupon are three Demy-Statues in Bass-Ralieve, but the Inscription not legible, and Part broken off; it is now about a Foot and half Square. Also a Commemorative Monument framed Altar-wise, only six Inches in Breadth, and 18 in Height: Upon the Top are three Rolls, but no Discus, else it had passed for an Altariolum; for I never saw any other Sort of Roman Monument so small, till I had the Favour to see Mr. Kemp's noble Collections at London, wherein are some of this Size. The Altars indeed were sometimes of a very low Stature, little bigger than Salt-cellars; and sometimes even by noted Antiquaries, mistaken for them; but these have always a Hollow (for Incense) upon the Top, which helped forward their wrong Conjecture at their Primitive Use. Which Aræ are therefore justly distinguished from Altaria. Aræ dictæ ab ariditate, quia in iis adoletur ignis: Altaria ab alendo, quia igni adduntur alimenta. At the same Place was also found a Roman Altar, here deposited, the Discus or Hearth is very large for the Size of it, which is but 14 Inches high, and of Breadth proportionable, but the Inscription is obliterated.

As to the Name of that Roman-Station upon the Moor near Adel-Mill, I am now enclined to think it was Burgo-dunum, because that having lately by the Favour of my honoured Friend Peter le Neve Esq; Norroy, had the Perusal of that famous Record, Domesday-Book, in her Majesty's Court of Exchequer at Westminster, I find near Adele, betwixt Cucheric and Echope, a Place called Burghedunum. Of the Roman Burgi, both Camden, Burton, &c. make frequent mention, and the Situation of the Place upon a Hill, sufficiently accounts for the Termi nation; some scattering Houses at a distance do still retain the Name of Burden-head.

Here is also a Roman Altar, found at or near Pierse-Bridge, whence my Father procured it; tis mentioned as his by our common Friend Dr. Lister (Phil. Col. N°4.) and the Figure of it already twice engraved, viz. in the new Editions of Camden's Britannia (p. 782.) and Antoninus's Itinerary (pag. 50.) it is but 11 Inches in Height, and eight in Breadth. The distinct mention of CONDATI or CONDATE (for by the Distance from the Side there seem to have been liniolæ annexed to I) would almost tempt one to believe, thar Consley in that Neighbourhood was the ancient Condate, which Camden placeth in Cheshire, but that the learned Mr. Gale's Reasons add Strength to the former Conjecture. It will not however be denied, but that Consley as well as Congleton was in all Probability then called Condate; and I am the more confirmed in my Opinion (p. 161.) that the Romans had several Cities of the same Name, because my said honoured Friend Roger Gale Esq; informs me that the Ravennate Geographer hath no less than five Alauna's. The last Line, as I take it, is to be read ex jussu solvit libente animo.

The Image of Jupiter Ammon very well performed in solid Brass; it is little more than four Inches long, whereas that found in the Ruins of the Picts Wall, and lately in the Lord Lonsdale's Possession was rather more than six.

Mercury with the Chlamys over his left Shoulder, but the Head broke off; the rest like his Statue in Boisard's Rom. Ant. Part 4. Tab. 80. Don. Rev. Geo. Plaxton.

Pallas or Vesta in Copper gilded. Another Deity, but so corroded with Rust that it is not distinguishable. (Baruch. 6.23.) The Head of another with a Helmet.

A Roman Triumph in Bass-Relieve, admirably well designed in so small a Compass as one Inch in Breadth, and three in Length. It was sent from Italy to my late Lord Archbishop of Yorke, as a great Curiosity, and by his Grace presented to this Musæum.

The Story of Adonis devoured by a Wild Boar issuing out of a Wood, of like curious Workmanship in Bass-Relieve, scarce an Inch Square; it seems to have been designed as an Amulet or Talisman. Don. D. Jo. Boulter Arm.

Of the same Size is the Head of Julius Cæsar delicately emboss'd in Wax upon Copper: This was amongst the Lord Fairfax's Curiosities, and had been the Reverend Mr. Stonehouse's, who placed it in the Front of his Medals, with this Inscription, Julius Cæsaris ectypum in cerâ, ex antiquâ Carneolâ.

Four Cornelian Signets, one hath the Head of Augustus with a radiated Crown. Another hath Dea Fortuna, with a Rudder of a Ship, to denote Government, in her Right Hand, and a Cornucopiæ in her Left to signify Plenty. The third is a large one, and hath a winged Victory, with a Palm, with the like Gubernaculum, and Abundantiæ-cornu. The fourth seems to be an Emperor or General in a Martial Habit, with the Paludamentum, &c. Whether all the four came to my Father from Aldbrough, I am not certain; but the three next, viz. an Onix and two Cornelians were found at Baie near Rome, and were brought thence and presented to me by Richard Ellis, of Nocton, Esq; the first hath a Pomgranate; the second Piety with an Altar, and the third a Horse, as upon the double Denarius, N° 8, p. 281. This antique Signet is different from all I have seen being engraven upon the Convex Side of the Stone. Here are also a very small Onyx and Cornelian but 1/8 of an Inch broad, whereupon are Mullets of six Points.

Certain Molds for counterfeiting the Roman Monies (that wretched Art it seems being in Vogue 1500 Years ago) found by the Labourers in delving at Thorp upon the Hill, near Lingwel-yate 1697. They are curious Impressions of their Coins upon very fine Clay, each hath a Rim half the Thickness of a Denarius on either Side the Piece with the Impression; and a Notch upon one Edge, which being joined with the like Nick on the next, makes a round Orifice to receive the Metal; each of these hath generally two Heads, or as many Reverses; so that placing one for Example, with Alex. Severus's Head on one Side, and his Mother Julia Mammea's on the other, betwixt two Pieces, with Reverses, it compleats both; so that one with Heads, and another with Reverses, are placed alternatim for a considerable Length, and then all pasted over with an outer Coat of Clay, and a little Ledge on either Side the Orifice to convey the Metal into the long Row of Holes; as appears by some thus placed that were presented to his Grace my late Lord Archbishop of Yorke: His Grace shewed me also a small Vessel of the same Materials, about the Bigness of the smallest sort of Crucibles for melting the Metal. All the legible Inscriptions I have met with are of Emperors about the same Age, when indeed the Roman Monies were notoriously adulterated, as is observable in any Collection of their Coins. Those that the Reverend Mr. Clarke, and Will. Ingram, of Thorp, Esq; procured for me, are inscribed, IVLIA. AVGVSTA, with her Head on one Side, and Severus's on the other, inscribed - - - - - PERT. AVG. IMP.VIII. Another hath IMP. IIII. A Piece with Reverses, hath CO S. I. P. P. with Victoria alata; and on the opposite Side, PM. TR. P. XXIII. COS. III. P P. with the Figure of one of the strange Beasts exhibited in the Publick Shews. One with Sev. Alexander's Head hath C. M. AVR. SEV. ALEXAND. AVG. Rev. PVDICTIA. The like upon a Severus. One with HILARITAS. on one Side, and ANNONA. AVG. on the other. Another hath a Victory on the Rev. of one of the Antonine's. Another TR. P. III. COS. III. and tranq VLITAS. a broken one hath only COS. II. PP. Another PM. TR. P. II. COS. Some of these are of a blew, others a while Clay, and all very dexterously performed, but whereas in the Phil. Trans. N° 234, it is questioned whether this Age could produce a genuine Diadumenianus, I must retract that Passage, for since that was printed the truly Noble Earl of Pembroke, shewed me one in his inestimable Musæum; and, if my Memory fail not, I saw another in that of the ingenious Sir Andrew Fountaine.

A Fibula Vestiaria found in digging Clay at the Brick-kilns without Boutham-bar at Yorke, which was the Place of Roman Sepulture, as is evident from the great Number of Urns with Humane Bones and Ashes found there yearly; and the very Name which imports Burning in the British Tongue. Another Fibula Romana, given me by Mr. S. Smith of Yorke, the noted Bell-Founder, that hath the Acus entire. In the Phil. Trans. N° 176, is the Figure of a Fibula, amongst other Roman Antiquities; and two of another in Camden's Britannia N. E. pag. 697. These all agree in the Materials which is Brass, but differ a little in the Form, particularly the Ring in this is not moveable, nor indeed needs to be so, for the Use Mr. Lhwyd conjectures, there being a distinct Place for the fastning of the Acus or Tongue of the Buckle. The Figure of the more perfect is exhibited in the Table; as also that of a Roman Key of Brass, found at the Place before mentioned. It is made in the Form of a Ring to wear upon the Finger. Another somewhat different. In the Philosophick Transactions, N° 176, is the Figure of an old Roman Brass Ring marked XXXV, for a Slave to wear. Here is one with M for a much greater Number, of the same Metal, but whether of the same Antiquity, I dare not be positive. One of Copper, that by lying many Ages in the Ruins of the Roman Station near Adel, hath got that curious Varnish so much valued upon their Monies.

Rings or Bracelets of Jet are also sometimes found with the Roman Urns: Here are the Fragments of one given to my Father by Dr. Lister, and of another to me by my Lord Bishop of Carlisle, the one is near half an Inch thick, and waved upon the outer Edge; the other half a Quarter and indented, both polished, and even within; they are about 2 ½ Inches Diameter, so that tis no easy Matter to tell what they were originally designed for, (except perhaps as Amulets) because they could never be worn either as Armilla, or Anuli. A small Stone found with the Roman Monuments near Adle, which is of the Form of a little Grind-stone, fills most exactly the Cavity of these Rings; as a large Ring or Bracelet of Copper wreathed (found in the Roman Dormitory at Yorke) doth almost surround them, being eight Inches in Circumference. At Yorke was also found a Roman Panuelium, or Shuttle, 3 ½ Inches long, yet not one broad in the very middle; the Hollow for the Licium, being but a Quarter in Breadth, shews that it was either for Silk, or very fine Linen; for I think their incombustible Winding-Sheets could not be made so fine. Here is a Piece of the Lanuginous Stone, or Mineral Amainthus, or Asbestinum, of which they were made. Dr. Plot hath a learned and ingenious Discourse (N° 172. in the Phil. Trans.) upon Trial of a Piece of incombustible Cloth presented to, and exposed to the Fire, before, the Royal Society.

Of the tessellated Pavements, or Dice-like Squares of Stone or Brick, wherewith the Romans used to pave the Place, where they set the Prætorium, or General's Tent, &c. Here are various Specimens of different Sizes and Colours (white, red, blue, yellow, and black) and from very distinct Places; as from the ancient Isurium (Aldbrough) from a Quarter to half an Inch Square: Also some of a larger Sort, dark coloured and red, which I took from a checquered Pavement discovered there, An. 1702, within a Stable; these are an Inch Square. I saw the by Musaic Work (in May 1703) as laid by the Romans. Some of both Sizes as sent me Mr. Midgeley of Beverley, from a Pavement lately discovered in those Parts, which hath not yet met with a Person of Curiosity enough to give the World an Account of it. Four of those from the noted Stunsfield Pavement near Oxford, concerning which the ingenious Mr. Hearne hath a learned and curious Dissertation, annexed to the 8th Vol. of Leland's Itinerary. Lapides tessellati pavimenti apud Roxby in Com. Lincolniensi, An. Dom. 1699 reperti. Don. D. Rog. Gale Arm. The very Learned Dr. Gale, late Dean of Yorke, sent me two conjoined, and some of the painted Plaister from the same Place; of which see the industrious Mr. de la Pryme's Account in the Phil. Trans. N° 263, though the Passage of Dr. Lister's he refers to, is in the Phil. Collections (N° 4.) not Transactions. A Specimen of the Roman Plaister at Buxton, mentioned by Dr. Leigh in his Nat. Hist. (Lib. 3. p. 42.) Stones of the larger Sort from a tessellated Pavement discovered by the Reverend Dr. Pearson at Kirkby upon Wherfe, near Tadcaster: A Piece of eight of them with the Floor and Cement, as set by the Romans. Don. D. Gul. Pearson Canc. Ebor. Some of the smaller sort set in a finer Cement, sent me from Ireland by Sam. Molyneux Esq; with some Fragments of the Coralline and white Urns, which leads me to another Branch of the Roman Plasticks.

That great Naturalist Dr. Lister distinguisheth the Roman Urns (Phil. Col. N° 4.) into three different Sorts, viz. 1. Such as are of a blewish Clay Colour, having a great Quantity of coarse Sand wrought in with the Clay: 2. Others of the same Colour, having either a very fine Sand mix'd with it, full of Mica, or Cat-Silver, or else made of a Clay naturally sandy: 3. Red Urns of fine Clay, with little or no Sand. These, as another celebrated Author rightly observes, are all of a very handsome Make and Contrivance, and are one of the many Instances that are at this Day extant of the Art of that People, of the great Exactness of their Genius, and Happiness of their Fancy. (Dr. Woodward's Letter to Sir Chr. Wren annexed to the 8th Vol. Of Leland's Itinerary, pag. 13.) Of the first Sort, here are Fragments of the Theca Nummaria, found full of Coins near Fleet in Lincolnshire, An. 1701, of which see Phil. Trans. N° 279. Of the second are those of an Urn found at Yorke in Mr. Gyles's Garden in Micklegate (not Midselgate, as misprinted in the said Phil. Col.) Of the third Sort (viz. the Red) there seem to be two Degrees, if not distinct Sorts, a coarser, which yet are red quite through, and the finer sort, which are wash'd over with a Kind of Varnish of a bright Coral Colour, and for Distinction are called the Coralline Urns. To these mentioned by the Learned Doctor, may be added some that are clear white, of which I have Part of the Rim of a very large Vessel that I brought from Ribchester Com. Lane. 1702. A Piece of a Vessel containing three or four Gallons, found at Aldbrough 1707; and others of different Forms that I gathered at Burgdunum in this Neighbourhood, which seem to be made of that Sort of white Clay, since made Use of for Tobacco-pipes, of which we have some at Wortley in this Parish, of which see, pag. 196. Some of these of the white Clay are wash'd over with the blew Colour, as appears when they are broken, and some with a dark Colour; as are also some of the coarser Blew, with Red.

An entire Roman Lamp that I bought at London; another somewhat maimed, but of finer Workmanship, that was dug up at Yorke, upon the Bottom is FVGARI. VV. The Mouth of a Præfericulum, given me by Dr. Woodward. The Mouth of a large Vessel found at the Station last mentioned, which even in the thinnest Part (of which here is also a Specimen) is an Inch thick, but the Handles are half a Foot or seven Inches round; one of these, though of the coarsest Clay, hath had an Inscription, of which only the three last Letters OMS remain. The fine Coralline Urns are rarely without the Artificer's Name, in rais'd Letters impress'd with a Stamp at the Bottom of the Patera, or other Vessel used at their Sacrifices or solemn Festivals; for I think these, which are of very curious Workmanship, were rarely used as Sepulchral Urns. Upon a Fragment of one of these is the Lion catching at his Prey; upon another the Statue of Hercules, with the Lions Skin cast over his Left Arm. One inscribed, DOVIICCVS. Another QVINT. IM. These were from Yorke. Others of the like Materials from old Galatum, sent me by the Lord Bishop of Carlisle, (inscribed REGINVS.) from Chester, by Henry Prescot Esq; from Aldbrough and Ribchester, by the Rev. Mr. Morris, and Mr. Hargreaves; and some were found at Burgdunum in this Neigh bourhood. One found by Roger Gale Esq; in the Bank of Trent by Littleborow; and another with TRIO upon it, sent me by Sir Godfrey Copley; and lastly, one found in digging for the Foundation of the present Fabrick of St. Paul's at London, whereupon is a humane Statue very well designed with a Præfericulum, or other Sacrificing Vessel, in his Right Hand: These are all very curiously wrought in Bass-Relieve, and were made in Molds, of which I saw one in the Learned and Ingenious Dr. Woodward's Musæum at Gresham-College. Here is also one of the dark coloured Clay, with a Heart upon it; and another with a Capricorn.

Of the Sepulchral Urns, here is one that contains almost a Gallon; another scarce a Quart, but of a very neat Make; a third almost of the same Form, but considerably less, full of the Ashes of a Child, in the greater are larger Bones with the Ashes. Others less than that, and of different Forms and Colours. A very small red Urn from Yorke, where 14 or 16 of them were found surrounding a large one, and were supposed to contain the Ashes of the Parent and Children; all these are broad and open at the Top to receive the Bones and Ashes. Those with the narrow Necks, were, I presume, for Liquids. A Pottle Bottle of the coarse Red from Isurium; I was well pleased to find it entire, that I might observe the Difference betwixt the Roman Congius (of which I take this to be strictly the half) and our Gallon; and this comes the nighest Mr. Greave's Computation, containing three Pints and a Half, the Winchester Measure. One of a finer Clay from Yorke, with a Handle; this is Red; but here is also one of the Blew, and a third of the clear White Clay that I brought from the same Place; it hath a Moulding about the Neck. A flat Vessel about five Inches Diameter, and one deep, that I supposed was originally designed as a Cover to a Sepulchral Urn of the like Dimensions; this is of the blewish Clay, and from Yorke, part of one of the White from Burgodunum.

With the Roman Urns are often found Fragments of Glass Viols, of that Sort which is commonly called Lacrimatorys. Of the Roman Glass Ware, I have from London, Yorke, Aldbrough, and the Station near Adle; the blewish Green, and some of the White are very thick, viz. above a Quarter of an Inch. Part of a Lacrimatory from Isurium, it hath been three Inches Square. The Handle (half a Foot long) of a large Vessel, found at St. Paul's; thick white Glass from the same Place. A Piece remarkably thin for those Ages, found five or six Yards deep in the Roman Wall at Aldbrough: A Rim of one wrought Hollow; fluted or furrowed Glass, sent me by Sir Godfrey Copley, with a Lump of Metal that seems to have boiled out of a Crucible, from the Ruine of the said Wall.

When Christianity encreased, the Custom of burning the Dead begun to cease, and was little practised by any in the later Times of the Antonines, the same Place without Boutham-bar at Yorke was continued for their Sepulchre; as appears by Humane Bones, that have never passed the Fire, digged up there. It will not appear strange that these Bones should remain so entire, as they appear to be by the lower Jaw, and Thigh-bone in this Repository, to one that hath seen in what a stiff Clay they are interred, and at how great a Depth; these particularly were nine Feet deep, whereof six were Clay, and three a black Earth: The Lead Coffin, which was about seven Foot long, was enclosed in a prodigious strong one made of Oak Planks, two Inches and a half thick, which besides the Rivettings were tack'd together with Brags, or great Iron-nails; some of which I have by me, they are four Inches long, the Heads not Die-wise, as the large Nails now are, but perfectly flat, and an Inch broad: Here is one somewhat different, tis half an Inch broad and thin, somewhat in the Form of a Wedge, and the Head not round as the other, but somewhat like the modern Draw-nails; but the rest of the old ones are Square, the four Sides of an equal Breadth. Many of them are almost consumed with Rust, and so is the Out-side of the Planks; but the Heart of the Oak is firm, and the Lead fresh and plyable, whereas one found the year before (viz. 1701,) is brittle and almost wholly consumed, having no Planks to guard it: Here is a Sample of each of them. The Bones are very light, tho entire; but the double Coffins were so heavy that they were forced to drag them out of their old Dormitory, where they had lodged 1500 Years, with a Team of Horses.

There was digged up at the same Place a Sort of Coffin made of Clay, I have by me Part of the Bottom, which (for the Conveniency of baking, I presume) was divided into several such Parts; this is entire as first molded by the Romans, is 14 ½ Inches long, and almost 11 broad at the narrower End, and nigh 12 ½ at the broader: This was the lowest Part for the Feet, the rest were proportionably broader to the Shoulder; it is an Inch thick besides the Ledges, which are two in Thickness, and one in Breadth, and extend from the narrower End to within three Inches of the broader, where it is flat from Edge to Edge, and somewhat thinner for the next to ly upon it. Which several Parts seem to have been joined together by a Pin; for at the End of each Tile is a Hole that would receive a common Slate-Pin, the Ledges are wrought a little Hollow, to receive the Sides, I presume; and at the Feet are two contrary Notches to fasten the End-piece. This Bottom I should conclude to have consisted strictly of eight such Parts, from a like Character 8 impress'd upon the Clay by the Sandapilarius's Finger, before its baking, but that I doubt numeral Figures cannot plead that Antiquity in these European Parts; though it appears by a Letter of Dr. Wallis's (Phil. Trans. N° 266) that they were used in England, An. 1090. Here are also Fragments of such a Coffin found at Burgdunum.

In the said Place of Roman Sepulture at Yorke, was discovered a remarkable Hypogæum, An. 1696. It was large enough to receive three or four Corpses, and was paved with Bricks, scarce two Inches thick, yet 8 ½ in Length, and as many in Breadth, being Æquilaterally Square. Upon this was a second Pavement of the like Bricks, to cover the Seams of the lower, and prevent the working up of Vermin.But those that covered the Vault were the most remarkable that ever I saw, being about two Foot square, and of a Thickness proportionable. These being indisputably Roman do obviate the most material Objection that some made to the Antiquity of the Stunsfield Pavement, from the Squareness of the Bricks found with it.

Here is also deposited another Sort of Roman Bricks, that I discovered in my Survey of this Parish, amongst the Ruins of Kirkstall-Abbey, which come somewhat nearer those mentioned by Vitruvius, being eight Inches broad, and almost double the Length: Here are also lesser Tiles (or Chequered Pavements) three Inches square, that I had from the same Place, and from Burrow-bridge near Isurium; but some of the like Dimensions (or rather larger) that were found at Leedes, seem by the Painting upon them to be of a later Date, though now obsolete. In the same Abbey I observed another Sort of Bricks, of the Shape of those now in use, but much larger, being near 11 Inches in Length, and five in Breadth, yet but two in Thickness. These seem to have been laid when the Monastery was builded, which being about the Year 1147, shows the great Antiquity of Bricks in these Parts, they being in use about 550 Years ago. By that which a Servant brought me thence, they appear to be strictly of the same Length and Breadth with those in the Wall of London; as the very accurate Dr. Woodward hath described them (p. 17. of the before-mentioned Letter), only these being rather older than that Additional Work (built probably about K. John's Time) upon the Foundation of the Roman Wall of that City, are thinner by half an Inch, being therein more like those of the Romans.

Such of their Bricks as have Inscriptions upon them, are very rarely met with: I have made a most diligent Inquest after those that Camden mentions at Grimscar near Eland, but can find no more Remains of them, than of the noted Inscription, Paulinus hic prædicavit & celebravit, at Dewsbury, which was not to be met with upon the strictest Scrutiny, I could possibly make, when I went purposely to the Place. This shews the Necessity of Repositories for such venerable Remains. But though those of the fourth Cohort are lost, yet good Hap hath brought to my Notice and Possession one of the ninth Legion's, which the learned Sir Hen. Savile in his Notes upon Tacitus, shews to have been in Britain in Galba's Time, and that it was also Hispaniensis; but that it, as well as the VIth and XXth, was also called Victrix, or that it resided at Yorke, was not known before; and yet both are evident from the Inscription upon this Brick found there, in Mickle-gate, not far from Trinity-yard, where was digg'd up the Funeral Monument of the Standard-Bearer of the said VIIII Legion (which Way of Writing 9 is frequent upon the Roman Monies); of which see the Phil. Trans. N° 305, and the curious Oxford Livy (Vol. 6. p. 181.) The said Sepulchral Monument was happily rescued by Dr. Bryan Fairfax, from the brutish Workmen who had broke it in the Middle, and were going to make use of it for two Throughs, as they call them, to bind the Wall; but by that worthy Gentleman's Direction it was walled upright, with the Inscription and Effigies to the Front, and is since removed to the Gardens of Sir Hen. Goodrick at Ribston. This Brick had been several Times made use of, with broken Stones and Brick-bats, by Mr. Smith in making Moulds for casting Bells. Upon my Enquiry after Inscriptions in that ancient City, he recollected himself that he had seen some old Letters, but thought the Brick was lost, though upon Search we found the Piece which is inscribed, LEG. I X. VIC. This is also an Argument of the Peace these Parts enjoyed at that Time, which I take to be the later End of Severus's Reign, making Bricks, casting up High-ways, &c. being the usual Employment of Soldiers at such Vacancies. Sir Hen. Savile was of Opinion, that this Nona Hispaniensis in Britannia, was one of those established by Tiberius, Caius, or Claudius, or peradventure in the later End of Augustus; but however, that it was certainly here in Nero's Reign, and that Pet. Cerealis was then Lieutenant thereof, is indisputably evident from Tacitus, (Lib. 14. cap. 10.) where he gives a lamentable Account of the Slaughter of Seventy thousand Citizens, and Confederates, by the enraged Boadicea, in which Number was the Foot of this 9th Legion, Cerealis with the Horse hardly escaping. I shall add a Passage in a Letter I received from the ingenious Mr. Hearne, of the Bodleian Library, because it relates to an Au thor rare to be met with in these remote Parts: "I am mightily pleased with the Inscriptions you sent me relating to the 9th Legion, there being now no Room to doubt about the place of Residence; a Thing which was unknown before; and for that Reason, those who have written about the Roman Legions, have said nothing about this, but leave us quite in the dark; only Ursatus [in his Book de Notis Rom.] does remark that it must be somewhere in Britain, because Tacitus tells us, that when the Colony at Camalodunum was destroyed by Boadicea; Pætilius Cerealis Legate of the IX Legion, came to their Assistance; but yet he makes no mention of its being stiled Victrix."

Another of these inscribed LECXXVV. This was the Present of Henry Prescot Esq; of Chester, where the 20th Legion was seated to be a Check or Barrier to the Ordovices. This Legion was stiled Valens Victrix. In some very ancient Roman Monuments, and particularly the Columna rostrata, erected in the first Punick War against the Carthaginians, and yet preserved in the Capitol, is an unaccountable Change of Letters, as of G into C, U to O, &c. as Macistratos for Magistratus, (Brerewood Inq. into Lang. p. 53.) so in this Brick Lecio for Legio. And in an ancient Coin in this Collection Divos Julius for Divus. Other Instances, as Conjuci for Conjugi, may be seen in the industrious Mr. Lhwyd's Archæologia Brittanica, pag. 25. The Letters upon this, and the former Brick are not engraven, as upon Stone, but impressed with a Stamp about five Inches long, and 1 ¼ broad, which leaves a Cavity in the Brick with raised Letters; as are also those small ones upon the best Coralline Pateræ. Pieces of Roman Tile from Ribchester, with Lines alternately raised and furrowed. Also an Iron Nail from Anchor-hill there. Pieces of small Iron Instruments, found in the Urns at Ingham in Norfolk, but so corroded that the Form is not to be distinguished.

A round Stone Ball found in the Ruins of the Roman Wall at Aldbrough, used for Exercise and Diversion; it seems to be their Harpastum with which they played, by dividing into Companies, and striving to throw it through one anothers Goals. A Wood Pin found with other Roman Reliques under the Foundation of St. Paul's London, it is rather thicker than the common Wires for knitting Stockins upon, but only 2 ½ Inches in Length; the Head is wrought in a furrowed Spiral Line. A small Instrument of Copper that seems to have been one of the Res turpeculæ or Priapi, worn by the Roman Children against Fascination. The Fragments of a Bead of Earth, not unlike the Druid Amulets, or Snake-beads: An entire one curiously wrought with transverse Lines, and painted or glazed with a blewish Green. They were both found with Pieces of Copper Wire in the Roman Burying-place at Yorke, but whether used as Ornaments or Amulets is doubtful. The Snake-beads formerly described are of Glass.

One of the Brass Instruments found near Bramham-moor, as the Servants of John Ellis, of Kidal, Esq; were plowing (An. 1709.) at a Place called Osmond thick; there were five or six of them of different Sizes, from little more than 3 to 4½ Inches in length, and from 1½ to 2½ in breadth; they are somewhat in the Form of a Wedge, as proceeding from a thin Edge, which after so many Ages is tolerably sharp to 1½ or two Inches at the thicker End, where they are hollowed to put upon a Shaft; each of them hath an Ear or Loop. Some suppose them to have been Arrow Heads, or Axes of the ancient Britains; others, of the Roman Catapultæ: I think they are as much too light for the latter, as they are too heavy for the former; and therefore take them rather to have been the Heads of Spears, or walking Staves of the civilized Britains; and though of different Form from those described by Speed (Hist. of Brit. cap. 6.) yet by the Loop in the Side we may better conceive how those Ornamental Labels were fastned than by the Pictures, as there exemplified. They are placed here amongst the Roman Antiquities in deference to the Judgment of the ingenious Mr. Hearne of Oxford, who hath bestowed an elaborate Dissertation upon them, which hath had two Editions, (Phil. Trans N° 322, and in the first Vol. of Leland's Itinerary.) He supposes them to have been Roman Chissels, used to cut the Stones and other Materials, that were judged serviceable for building the Camps. Another of the brazen Cunei, or Celtes, somewhat longer, and not quite so broad. A Tintanabulum, or Roman Bell, probably their Æs Thermarum; tis near a Foot in Circumference. Don. Rev. Geo. Plaxton.

In the Roman Sepulture at Yorke, was also digg'd up Part of an Aquaduct of red Clay, consisting of many Pieces wrought in a Cylindrical Form, each a Foot long, and four Inches Diameter, and are wrought in the Form of a Scrue, or Spiral Line on the In-side, and hath a narrow Neck at one End, to put into the open End of the next. Having procured two of these, and as many Parts of the Clay Coffin before-mentioned, I deposited one of each, with the Shield described, Phil. Trans. N° 241, in the Repository of the Royal Society, then at Gresham College, now near Temple-bar..

The Shield is in the Form of the Roman Parma, but not so large, this wanting three Inches of two Foot in Diameter. Their votive Shields upon Columns or Palm-trees inscribed, VIC. AVG, or DAC. PAR. &c. in their ancient Medals are of this Form, as to Roundness. But this hath round the Umbo, or protuberant Boss in the Center (which is made of a Convex Iron-plate about eight Inches over, and wrought hollow on the in-side to receive the Gladiator's Hand), 14 Circular Equidistant Rows of Brass Studs of that Size that 262 make a Circle of five Foot wanting three Inches (for that is the Circumference of the Shield) there are proportionably in the inner Circles to the Center, the inmost of which is placed upon the Umbo: The rest upon as many Circular Plates of Iron, each about half an Inch broad. That which I cut open to observe the Texture, had certain cross Lamina that passed on the Back of the Circular Plates from the Rim, where they were about 1/3 of an Inch broad, to the Umbo where they were contracted into a less Compass. The inner Coat next these Iron-plates is a very thick, hard, strong Leather, upon which is a second Cover of the same; and upon the out-side of this are plated the Iron Pins that run through the Brass Studs, which are cast purely for Ornament's Sake. The next Cover is a Linnen Cloth, but discoloured, though perhaps not with Age only, but sour Wine and Salt, or other Liquid, wherein it seems to have been steeped; and lastly, upon the said Linnen is the outmost Cover, which is of softer Leather. All these Coats that compose the Shield are bound together by two Circular Plates of Iron; a thin narrow one near the Center, and a broader at the Circumference; both which Rims do also fasten the Handle, which is of Wood, and hath also eight smaller Plates upon each Side the hollow for the Hand, about three or four Inches long, to secure it. This is not flat, as that in the Musæum of the Royal Society, but absolutely Concave; and from the Skirts of the protuberant Boss in the Middle, riseth gradually to the Circumference near three Inches Perpendicular. The Circular Plates not being fasten'd with Cross Lamina upon the Back (as that), but each upon the outer Edge of the other, which occasion its rising in that Concave Manner. This I apprehended to be a Roman Shield, Phil. Trans. N° 241, but none of their Authors mentioning the Iron-plates, and the Leather of this which I procured since, being more soft and pliable, than can well be supposed of so great Antiquity, I am ready to think they belong to some later Northern Nations, and shall be thankful for more particular Information. The Defect in the Umbo of this is supplied by one lately sent me from the North, by the Rev. Mr. Coningham, which hath the Cuspis entire; this, with a smaller Boss it stands upon, is near four Inches more protuberant than the first Umbo. This, though more than a Foot less in Circumference than the former, hath an equal Number of Circular Rows of small Brass Studs.

A Roman Vessel of that Sort commonly called Lacrimatory's, of the red Clay, and another of the blew, both from their Burying-Place at Yorke, the former six, the later four Inches high. Wormius calls one of the like Materials and Form, Urna Lacrymalis terrea (Musæum, pag. 347.) Vasculum oblongum, colli Angustioris, ventre ampliore, longitudine 5 unciarum.

In Moscardus's Musæum is the Figure of a Brass Head, of the Bolt of a Roman Catapulta. Dr. Plot mentions the like in Staffordshire, the Figure of which Tab XXXIII. Fig. 5. exactly suits one of them found in Craven, about six Years ago, and was the Present of Ambrose Pudsey, of Bolton, juxta Bolland, Esq; in whose Grounds it was digg'd up by the Labourers as they were making a Fence, near the Moor now called Monnebents, perhaps from the Saxon Monec, monachus and bene a Prayer, except some notorious Slaughter of the Monks in after Ages might deduce it from beneoτen interficere. This is seven Inches long, and 2½ broad at the Edge, which was placed foremost for Execution, and is yet sharp and piercing, the wooden Stem was fitted into the Hollows of each Side of it, where it is an Inch and half thick.

This affords me a fit Transition to the Heads of the British Arrows, which are of Flint, an Inch and half long, and an Inch over the broadest Part, exactly in the Form of a bearded Arrow, jagg'd at each Edge with a thick Stem in the midst. These are sometimes found in England, but more frequently in Scotland, where they are called Elves-Arrows, and worn by the Credulous, as Amulets. The Indians do to this Day head their Arrows with such like, as appears by one in this Musæum, of an Orange coloured Flint. Here is also a larger Flint Head without Grains, more like that which Dr. Plot supposes to have been the Head of their Mataræ or British Darts which were thrown by those that fought in Essedis (Nat. Hist. of Staff. p. 396.) It was found among the Roman Monuments near Adle-mill.

Amongst the British Curiosities, I had formerly placed the Securis Lapidea, or rather Marmorea, sent me by Stephen Tempest, of Broughton, Esq; but the ingenious Mr. Hearne of Oxford hath bestowed a learned Dissertation upon it (premised to the 4th Vol. of Leland's Itinerary) to prove it rather Danish. It was found, An 1675, in an Urn ten Inches Diameter, and therewith a Brass Lance, and a Hone to sharpen it. The Mallet's Head is the most curious and entire that ever I beheld; it is of a speckled Marble polished, six Inches in Length, 3½ broad, and seven in Circumference, even in the Middle, where what is wanting in Breadth is made up in the Thickness, and is very artificially done, as if it had been a Roman Improvement of the British Work. It is wrought to an Edge at one End, though each of them is blunted with Use, and a sloping at the Side, in the Forms expressed in the Table adjoining, whereof one represents the full Side of it, the other the Edge, that the Eye for the Manubrium to pass thro' (which is near an Inch and Quarter Diameter) may be better discerned. I suppose it to have been a Mallet wherewith the Priests slew the Sacrifices, and fancied it to be the ancient British, rather than any later Inhabitants of this Island. It being reasonable to suppose, that the Aborigines in each Country, before the use of Metals was common, would make Use of Stones, Flints, Shells, Bones, &c. formed in the best Manner they could, to the various Uses they designed them. And it is usual for such Instruments or Utensils gratefully to retain even in different Languages, the Memory of the first Matter they were made of, as Cochleare a Spoon (though of Metal) because Cockle-shells were first used to the Purpose. So Candle-stick, or Staff, (for it is canδŗτæꝻ in the Saxon Monuments;) so likewise Hookes (Amos IV. 2.) in the Original is Thorns, with which they used to pierce Fish, before they had the Skill of applying Iron to that Use. And to give but one Instance more, the Sharp Knives (Joshua V. 2.) used in Circumcision, are by our Saxon Ancestors (who received their very Names from their Weapon Sex or Seax, culter, gladius) called ŗτœnene ŗæx (Mr. Thwait's Saxon Hept.) which in the Original is Knives of Flint, which is more agreeable both to those Parts of the World, where there was but little Iron, and to that Operation, wherein the Jewish Doctors say that sharp Flints or Stones were used. So, as to the Matter in Hand, the ancient Britains (with whom Iron was so rare, that Cæsar tells us, they used it for Money) made their Arrow Heads of Flint, and probably their Mallets for Sacrifice of Stone or Marble. But because I cannot easily allow my self to dissent from the learned Mr. Hearne, who argues that the Position of the Urn with the Mouth downwards is peculiarly used by the Danes, and that a Mallet instead of a Scepter was put into the Hand of their famous God Thor, "who was supposed to be a God of much greater Power than the rest, and therefore he was most esteemed, and the Honours paid him were more considerable than those paid to any besides. His Dominion was believed to be Universal, and the other Gods were look'd upon as subject to him. Nothing of Moment was undertaken or transacted without Addresses and Supplications first made to him. And it was reckoned a very great Honour to have Instruments made in such a Form as put them in Mind of him." Thus far I heartily concur with that learned and ingenious Author, and believe that their Sacrificing Mallets might be made in that Form, rather than any other Instruments, with respect to that great reputed Deity; and I do suppose this to be one of them, rather than a Battle-Axe belonging to a Soldier of inferiour Quality; for seeing their other Military Instruments in Metal are frequently met with, why should not also their Battle-Axes of Stone, the common Soldiers being the most numerous Part of an Army, it is therefore much more probable in my slender Opinion that it belonged to their Sacrifices before their Conversion to the Christian Faith. The Lance found in the same Urn is of Brass, scarce an Inch broad, but seems by its Tendency to a Point to have been three in Length. It is sharp enough to shave a Sabine Priest. The Cos Olearia is of a blewish Grey Hone, only half an Inch in Thickness, though three long, and near one broad, in all its Parts equal. There were also certain Instruments of Bone, but mostly reduced to Ashes, though not by the Force of Fire, but Effect of Time; the Ends of those that remained, were bored through with the same Instrument (as it seems by the Size) wherewith the Lance and Hone are, but for what Use they were originally designed I cannot divine, only an Inch in Length remaining; it tapers like a Bodkin, is but a Quarter of an Inch at the broader End. In the next Field was found near thirty Years afterwards an Iron Instrument half a Yard in Length, whether one of the Secespitæ of the Romans, who had several Stations in these Parts, or a Danish Weapon, I cannot determine. And of the same Metal an old Spur four Inches long; it was found 2½ Yards deep in digging for the Foundations of a Bridge. And in the Year 1700, a Brass Buckle or Fibula, with this peculiar, that the Acus is a fifth Part longer than the Diameter it is made for. All these Antiquities were sent me by the said worthy Gent. Ste. Tempest Esq;. Of a very curious Danish Spur, see the Description before, p. 482.

Mr. Camden takes Notice of British Brass Swords found in England and Wales, to which I may add that others are digg'd up in Ireland, and the Isle of Man, that which I received from Dublin is mentioned already, pag. 473. Since which I have been honoured with some valuable Curiosities from the Learned Bishop of Sodor and Man, amongst which is one of the Brass Swords, of which several have been found in that Island.

Some of the Roman Monuments before-mentioned are now placed in the Form of an antique Alcove, which is covered with an Arch of Marble, of very curious Workmanship, which once belonged to a Shrine in the Lady's Chapel at York-Minster, which Archbishop Thoresby (as Bishop of Godwin tells us) adorned with Images and Pictures of excellent Workmanship, and removing the Bodies of several of his Predecessors, which were buried scatteringly about the Church, entombed them there in seemly Manner, leaving a Place for himself in the Middle. This Chapel, without any regard to the venerable Remains of the Founders of that noble Cathedral (one of the most glorious under the Cope of Heaven) was destroyed at the Reformation. Yet even then this noble Monument found so much Favour for the delicate Workmanship thereof, to be spared, and was enclosed betwixt two Walls in a private House in that Neighbourhood; where being discovered of late Years, it was sold by Parcels to Statuaries, and others for common Use; and large Pieces of very curious Carvings lay exposed in the Præcentor's Lane, where I have often beheld them with Admiration, and been reminded of that of the Psalmist, A Man was famous according as he had lifted up Axes upon the thick Tree; But now they break down the carved Work thereof with Axes and Hammers, Ps. 74. 6, 7. Don. D. Bowling de Ebor. The fore Part of the Alcove is adorned with antique Woodwork, Coats of Arms, &c. from Glastenbury-Abbey: And above them all IHS crowned, in raised Work.